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Jin Pu-reun

To say that LGBT people are dirty is a prejudice against homosexuality, and it’s a perception created by South Korean society.

G. Lee

As the debate on LGBT issues becomes more active, anti-LGBT hate speech is increasing among students.

Kim Do-hyun

The school was not a friendly place for LGBT youth. 

Kim Do-hyun

Student

People are very ignorant, especially when it comes to being transgender.

The clothes I wore every day, the toilets and changing rooms I went to every day were always stressful, that’s why I think these really made me hate going to school. 

G. Lee

Student

One teacher said: “If same-sex marriage is legalized, bestiality will be legalized; how obscene and dirty homosexuals are; how negative their influence is…” He was just talking like this. I hated the situation.

Jin Pu-reun

Freelancer

One friend was outed. She couldn't go to school. She suffered extreme bullying. So, in the end, she dropped out and went her own way.

Kim Do-hyun

They might detain me at a mental hospital, or even force me to get conversion therapy. I had a lot of fear. I didn’t dare to ask for help.

Jin Pu-reun

I Googled “lesbian” and often wondered why I had to read relevant information in English. I became a mentor for other students. I shared proper knowledge about sex and answered their questions.

G. Lee

I want to become a person who can reform the education system, to change the minds of students. I think it would be nice to teach.

Jin Pu-reun

The government should first enact an anti-discrimination law, and schools should proactively deal with discrimination against LGBT youth just like they do with other school violence incidents.

Kim Do-hyun

I hope teachers and other staff will change their perceptions through training, and add content related to sexual minorities in the class. so that children can learn how to accept LGBT people from an early age.  

Jin Pu-reun

I felt prejudices dissolving, so I started my YouTube channel. I wanted to show that sexual minorities are not a scary presence but part of everyday life, that they are just familiar, fun people.

(Seoul) – Young lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in South Korea experience isolation and mistreatment in schools, Human Rights Watch and the Allard K. Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic at Yale Law School said in a report released today.

The 76-page report, “‘I Thought of Myself as Defective’: Neglecting the Rights of LGBT Youth in South Korean Schools,” finds that bullying and harassment, a lack of confidential mental health support, exclusion from school curricula, and gender identity discrimination are particularly pressing concerns for LGBT students. The South Korean government should implement antidiscrimination protections and ensure that LGBT youth have supportive resources to safeguard their health and education.

“LGBT students often face bullying and discrimination in the classroom in South Korea, from adults as well as from other students,” said Ryan Thoreson, an LGBT rights researcher at Human Rights Watch. “Without clear protections, many students suffer in silence at the expense of their education and well-being.”


Human Rights Watch and the Lowenstein Clinic interviewed 26 current and former students, and 41 teachers, parents, service providers, and advocates primarily based in Seoul, in Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province, and in Cheonan, South Chungcheong Province. Many of the students said that they felt alone when they realized they were lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, and did not know where they could turn for information and support when they had questions or were experiencing mistreatment in school.

Although some municipalities have enacted student rights ordinances that prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity, the national government has not yet enacted a comprehensive antidiscrimination law that would protect people in educational and other settings, including employment. The National Human Rights Commission of Korea can receive complaints of discrimination against LGBT people, but it lacks robust enforcement authority to ensure that those who experience discrimination obtain redress.

A lesbian high school student who attends a religious school and doesn’t feel safe confiding in unsympathetic teachers stands alone outdoors. © 2018 Gowun Lee

Young people interviewed for the report described being excluded and ostracized, being targeted online, or being physically or sexually harassed. A 22-year-old lesbian woman recalled that once her sexual orientation became known at her secondary school, she was singled out for harassment and “the older students criticized me saying: ‘You are homosexual, you’re dirty.’”

A 17-year-old girl recalled a classmate saying that homosexuals should die. 

Students who are transgender have also struggled with gendered restrictions in schools. Many South Korean schools divide students by gender or have gendered dress codes or facilities, and do not allow students to attend school consistent with their gender identity. This can pose a particular difficulty for transgender students, who may experience persistent discomfort or distress that jeopardizes their ability to get an education.

The abuses that young LGBT people face in schools are exacerbated by a lack of supportive resources. School counselors have no required training to ensure that they are competent to work with LGBT young people. Students said that they were not comfortable confiding in teachers or counselors for fear they would breach confidentiality, or criticize them for their sexual orientation or gender identity.

Programs that do exist to protect students’ rights and well-being often neglect the needs of LGBT students. While South Korea has created counseling centers for young people and a youth hotline for mental health assistance, young people who have used those services said that the services were not affirming of and were at times openly critical of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. The national sexuality education curriculum does not contain any content on LGBT issues, and students said that LGBT issues were rarely discussed in other classes or were portrayed in a negative light.

Proposals to protect LGBT rights have been met with fierce opposition from conservative groups, who have vocally opposed any recognition or protection for LGBT people under the law. Despite growing popular support for LGBT rights, lawmakers have been unable to pass a comprehensive nondiscrimination bill, leaving LGBT people at risk of being fired, evicted, or otherwise mistreated because of their sexual orientation or gender identity.

Lawmakers and school officials should take immediate steps to ensure that schools are safe and inclusive environments for LGBT students, Human Rights Watch and the Lowenstein Clinic said. The National Assembly should enact a comprehensive antidiscrimination law and protections against school bullying. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Gender Equality and Family should take steps to include LGBT material in both the national sexuality education curriculum and in mental health resources that are available to young people in South Korea.

School officials should implement policies to foster inclusion and support, including measures to incorporate LGBT issues into training and school curricula as well as systems, for confidential reporting and assistance when students experience mistreatment or distress.

“Schools need to be safe and inclusive spaces so that all young people are able to learn,” Thoreson said. “Lawmakers and school officials need to take meaningful steps so that LGBT students in South Korea can learn and thrive without fear of bullying, exclusion, and exposure.”

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