Sudan: Explosive Weapons Harming Civilians
Limited Access to Water, Electricity, Medical Care Fuels Humanitarian Crisis

On April 15, 2023, fighting in Sudan’s capital, Khartoum, between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), rapidly spread throughout the country. SAF leader Gen. Abdelfattah al-Burhan and RSF leader Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as “Hemedti,” had jointly carried out a coup against the country’s transitional government in October 2021. Both forces have a history of violating international humanitarian and human rights law, notably in Darfur and during crackdowns against protesters. In 2022, the trial of Ali Kosheib, a former Janjaweed militia leader, charged with 31 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity, began at the International Criminal Court. Arrest warrants against ex-president Omar al-Bashir and two of his associates remain outstanding.
Limited Access to Water, Electricity, Medical Care Fuels Humanitarian Crisis
End Protester Arrests; Free Detainees; Lift State of Emergency
Stop Military Arrests of Civilians, Investigate Abuses
Prosecute Killings, Prioritize Security Sector Reforms
Key Civilian Infrastructure Destroyed, Humanitarian Crisis Looms
Limited Access to Water, Electricity, Medical Care Fuels Humanitarian Crisis
NGOs urge bold action that prioritizes human rights, civilian protection
Hold Special Session; Create Mechanism to Collect Evidence of Abuses
Question and Answer Document on Laws of War, Human Rights Concerns
HRW Statement - Item 2 ID on High Commissioner's Oral Update on the Sudan - HRC52