The Republic of Korea (South Korea) is a democracy that generally respects human rights, but discrimination impacts women and girls; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people; racial minorities; migrants; older people; and people with disabilities. Labor rights issues remain, including precarious work and age-based employment discrimination. South Korea is one of the few Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries still lacking an anti-discrimination law.

Despite a relatively free media and active civil society, authorities continue to use criminal defamation provisions and sweeping intelligence and national security laws to restrict speech, creating a chilling effect on journalists, activists, political opponents, and critics. Former president Yoon Suk-yeol’s brief declaration of martial law in December 2024 underscored the need for stronger democratic safeguards.

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