阅读这支影片的文字描述
Narration:
These are scenes of workers from the NagaWorld Casino in Phnom Penh, Cambodia being assaulted by security forces for going on strike. They were also being forced onto buses and abandoned on the outskirts of the city. Workers went on strike after the company laid off more than 1300 people during the Covid recession.
Many of those dismissed were union leaders and activist members, greatly weakening the union.
Khun Tharo, Program Manager, CENTRAL, Labor Rights Group
This case at NagaWorld is one which we see as a serious case of labour rights violations by the employer, using its influence and power to undermine the union.
Narration:
The European Union and the US are among Cambodia’s largest export markets.
They should press the Cambodian government to protect the rights to freedom of association to strike, and to collective bargaining.
Chhimm Sithar, President, Labor Rights Supported Union of Khmer Employees of NagaWorld (LRSU)
My name is Chhim Sithar and I'm the President of the Labor Rights Supported Union of Khmer Employees of NagaWorld (LRSU).
I was present at the strike.
Around ten men without uniforms ran and grabbed me, pulling me back and forth in a rough way. They didn't show a warrant and took me to the police station. The next day I was questioned by a judge on charges of incitement and causing serious social insecurity was sent to Correctional Center 2 [Phnom Penh’s prison facility] for nine weeks.
Khun Tharo, Program Manager, CENTRAL, Labor Rights Group
We've seen both local and national union leaders and activists be targeted when those union leaders have stood for and protected workers’ rights and working conditions during the COVID-19 crisis when companies close, or suspend or lay off workers.
Narration:
When workers are laid off, the union representatives are entitled to stand up for their rights.
Yang Sophorn, President, Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions (CATU):
The problem at Violet [garment factory] occurred after the factory closed without paying proper severance to workers according to the labor law. When I exercised my right as
a trade union leader of CATU [Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions] to go and support our members and workers participating in the strike the Ministry of Labour threatened me that if I continued to support the Violet workers' strike they would remove CATU's registration. These are threats aimed at frustrating workers exercising their rights to demand what they should've received according to the law.
Narration:
Countries importing Cambodian goods should set clear benchmarks for the Cambodian government to honor its labor rights obligations.
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柬埔寨政府利用疫情监禁工会人士、禁止工会组建及注册，并阻止成衣和旅游业行使罢工权利。
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《工会法》违反国际劳工法义务，包括允许注册成立工会、进行集体协商和行使罢工权。
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欧盟、美国和其他贸易伙伴应以影响力施压柬埔寨遵守其劳动权义务。
（纽约）－人权观察今天发表报告指出，柬埔寨政府利用COVID-19疫情监禁工会人士、限制工会注册且阻止成衣、旅游业行使罢工权。该国有关当局并允许雇主规避劳动规章，从事违反柬埔寨本国法和国际法的不当劳动行为。
这份97页的报告《只有‘速食面’工会能存活：柬埔寨成衣业与旅游业工会遭打压》记录柬埔寨政府和部分雇主在疫情期间如何利用各种法律和行政手段，削弱柬埔寨独立工会运动，侵害劳工权利。为解决疫情对经济严重冲击所采取的各项措施，惩罚了独立工会，却有利于亲雇主工会，后者可以迅速得到政府注册，用一位著名工会领袖的话来说，有如 “泡速食面”。
“柬埔寨政府和肆无忌惮的雇主以COVID-19肺炎疫情为借口，进一步限制独立工会，而非在困难时期保障劳工的福利与权利，” 人权观察亚洲区副主任费尔・罗柏森（Phil Robertson）说。“随着柬埔寨劳工权利倒退，欧盟、美国和其他贸易伙伴应以影响力加强施压该国政府遵守其劳动权义务。”
人权观察在2022年3月到6月之间，访问了超过30名成衣业与旅游业独立工会领袖和成员，以及多名当地与国际劳工问题专家，包括国际劳工组织的代表。人权观察并致函柬埔寨政府和柬埔寨相关企业，查询有关资讯，但只得到其中一家工厂回覆。
从2020年初COVID-19疫情爆发开始，柬埔寨政府就加强镇压独立工会，以侵犯人权的法律和公共卫生新措施作为无理限制工会的依据。柬埔寨《工会法》存在问题，对工会注册、团体协商和行使罢工权施加强制、繁琐的要求。许多雇主利用劳动力紧缩措施——以经济衰退为由实施的大量裁员——解雇工会领袖和活跃分子。
人权观察记录到成衣业与旅游业针对工会领袖和活跃成员实施不当解雇和大量裁员的五宗个案，也是柬埔寨劳工关系史上长久存在打压工会问题的最新实例。
其中一例发生在2021年4月，位于金边的金界赌场解雇1,329名员工。当局将正在进行的罢工任意认定为非法，并以社交距离等防疫措施为由实施清场，罢工人士遭到拘留以接受病毒检测。
“我们开始［抗议金界赌场的］罢工以后，突然成立了一个假工会，我们叫它‘速食面’工会，因为它向相关部会［指劳工与职业训练部］办理注册的速度非常快，就像一碗两分钟即可泡好的速食面，” 高棉受雇者劳工权益支持工会（Labor Rights Supported Union of Khmer Employees）主席钦西塔（Chhim Sithar）说。“金界赌场的员工根本不知道有工会选举，也不知道领导人是谁选出来的。”
钦西塔因为组织罢工，要求金界赌场让365名解雇劳工复职并给予适当赔偿，被控 “教唆犯罪”。她被羁押候审74天后交保释放，但控告并未撤销。
柬埔寨企业还持续滥用固定期限劳动合同以防止工人组织起来，并逃避依法应当给付的遣散费。面对劳工的工会活动，雇主经常无故或未经通知终止定期契约，打压工会领袖与活跃分子。劳工与职业训练部则颁布指令，允许扩大适用定期契约，不受柬埔寨劳工法规定不得超过两年的限制。作为纠纷调解机制一环而有权就劳工法作出权威解释的仲裁委员会，愈来愈不愿意作出不利劳工部的裁决。
人权观察指出，失去仲裁委员会的奥援之后，独立工会已经没有任何争取司法和法律救济的管道。
2020年8月，欧盟委员会以柬埔寨政府对公民与政治权利以及劳工权利实施有计划侵害为由，取消了一部分对柬埔寨 “除武器外全部免税”的贸易优惠。美国贸易代表署正在检讨其普遍化优惠关税制度（Generalized System of Preferences），从而暂停了包括柬埔寨在内所有受惠国向美国市场出口的免税待遇。
“柬埔寨独立工会及其成员遭受的劳工权侵害，完全无法得到及时、有效的救济，” 罗柏森说。“贸易伙伴、从柬埔寨采购的国际成衣品牌以及国际劳工组织应当合作施压，要求建立能够维护劳工权利的有效的劳资纠纷调解机制。”
