閱讀這支影片的文字描述
Narration:
These are scenes of workers from the NagaWorld Casino in Phnom Penh, Cambodia being assaulted by security forces for going on strike. They were also being forced onto buses and abandoned on the outskirts of the city. Workers went on strike after the company laid off more than 1300 people during the Covid recession.
Many of those dismissed were union leaders and activist members, greatly weakening the union.
Khun Tharo, Program Manager, CENTRAL, Labor Rights Group
This case at NagaWorld is one which we see as a serious case of labour rights violations by the employer, using its influence and power to undermine the union.
Narration:
The European Union and the US are among Cambodia’s largest export markets.
They should press the Cambodian government to protect the rights to freedom of association to strike, and to collective bargaining.
Chhimm Sithar, President, Labor Rights Supported Union of Khmer Employees of NagaWorld (LRSU)
My name is Chhim Sithar and I'm the President of the Labor Rights Supported Union of Khmer Employees of NagaWorld (LRSU).
I was present at the strike.
Around ten men without uniforms ran and grabbed me, pulling me back and forth in a rough way. They didn't show a warrant and took me to the police station. The next day I was questioned by a judge on charges of incitement and causing serious social insecurity was sent to Correctional Center 2 [Phnom Penh’s prison facility] for nine weeks.
Khun Tharo, Program Manager, CENTRAL, Labor Rights Group
We've seen both local and national union leaders and activists be targeted when those union leaders have stood for and protected workers’ rights and working conditions during the COVID-19 crisis when companies close, or suspend or lay off workers.
Narration:
When workers are laid off, the union representatives are entitled to stand up for their rights.
Yang Sophorn, President, Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions (CATU):
The problem at Violet [garment factory] occurred after the factory closed without paying proper severance to workers according to the labor law. When I exercised my right as
a trade union leader of CATU [Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions] to go and support our members and workers participating in the strike the Ministry of Labour threatened me that if I continued to support the Violet workers' strike they would remove CATU's registration. These are threats aimed at frustrating workers exercising their rights to demand what they should've received according to the law.
Narration:
Countries importing Cambodian goods should set clear benchmarks for the Cambodian government to honor its labor rights obligations.
- 柬埔寨政府利用疫情監禁工會人士、禁止工會組建及註冊並阻止成衣、旅遊業行使罷工權利。
- 《工會法》違反國際勞工法義務，包括允許註冊成立工會、進行集體協商和行使罷工權。
- 歐盟、美國和其他貿易夥伴應以影響力施壓柬埔寨遵守其勞動權義務。
（紐約）－人權觀察今天發表報告指出，柬埔寨政府利用COVID-19疫情監禁工會人士、限制工會註冊且阻止成衣、旅遊業行使罷工權。該國有關當局並允許雇主規避勞動規章，從事違反柬埔寨本國法和國際法的不當勞動行為。
這份97頁的報告《只有「速食麵」工會能存活：柬埔寨成衣業與旅遊業工會遭打壓》記錄柬埔寨政府和部分雇主在疫情期間如何利用各種法律和行政手段，削弱柬埔寨獨立工會運動，侵害勞工權利。為解決疫情對經濟嚴重衝擊所採取的各項措施，懲罰了獨立工會，卻有利於親雇主工會，後者可以迅速得到政府註冊，用一位著名工會領袖的話來說，有如「泡速食麵」。
「柬埔寨政府和肆無忌憚的雇主以COVID-19肺炎疫情為藉口，進一步限制獨立工會，而非在困難時期保障勞工的福利與權利，」人權觀察亞洲區副主任費爾・羅柏森（Phil Robertson）說。「隨著柬埔寨勞工權利倒退，歐洲聯盟、美國和其他貿易夥伴應以影響力加強施壓該國政府遵守其勞動權義務。」
人權觀察在2022年3月到6月之間，訪問了超過30名成衣業與旅遊業獨立工會領袖和成員，以及多名當地與國際勞工問題專家，包括國際勞工組織的代表。人權觀察並致函柬埔寨政府和柬埔寨相關企業，查詢有關資訊，但只得到其中一家工廠回覆。
從2020年初COVID-19疫情爆發開始，柬埔寨政府就加強鎮壓獨立工會，以侵犯人權的法律和公共衛生新措施作為無理限制工會的依據。柬埔寨《工會法》存在問題，對工會註冊、團體協商和行使罷工權施加強制、繁瑣的要求。許多雇主利用勞動力緊縮措施——以經濟衰退為由實施的大量裁員——解雇工會領袖和活躍分子。
人權觀察記錄到成衣業與旅遊業針對工會領袖和活躍成員實施不當解雇和大量裁員的五宗個案，也是柬埔寨勞工關係史上長久存在打壓工會問題的最新實例。
其中一例發生在2021年4月，位於金邊的金界賭場解雇1,329名員工。當局將正在進行的罷工任意認定為非法，並以社交距離等防疫措施為由實施清場，罷工人士遭到拘留以接受病毒檢測。
「我們開始［抗議金界賭場的］罷工以後，突然成立了一個假工會，我們叫它『速食麵』工會，因為它向相關部會［指勞工與職業訓練部］辦理註冊的速度非常快，就像一碗兩分鐘即可泡好的速食麵，」高棉受雇者勞工權益支持工會（Labor Rights Supported Union of Khmer Employees）主席欽西塔（Chhim Sithar）說。「金界賭場的員工根本不知道有工會選舉，也不知道領導人是誰選出來的。」
欽西塔因為組織罷工，要求金界賭場讓365名解雇勞工復職並給予適當賠償，被控「教唆犯罪」。她被羈押候審74天後交保釋放，但控告並未撤銷。
柬埔寨企業還持續濫用定期勞動契約以防止工人組織起來，並逃避依法應當給付的遣散費。面對勞工的工會活動，雇主經常無故或未經通知終止定期契約，打壓工會領袖與活躍分子。勞工與職業訓練部則頒布指令，允許擴大適用定期契約，不受柬埔寨勞工法規定不得超過兩年的限制。作為糾紛調解機制一環而有權就勞工法作出權威解釋的仲裁委員會，愈來愈不願意作出不利勞工部的裁決。
人權觀察指出，失去仲裁委員會的奧援之後，獨立工會已經沒有任何爭取司法和法律救濟的管道。
2020年8月，歐盟委員會以柬埔寨政府對公民與政治權利以及勞工權利實施有計劃侵害為由，取消了一部分對柬埔寨「除武器外全部免稅」的貿易優惠。美國貿易代表署正在檢討其普遍化優惠關稅制度（Generalized System of Preferences），從而暫停了包括柬埔寨在內所有受惠國向美國市場出口的免稅待遇。
「柬埔寨獨立工會及其成員遭受的勞工權侵害，完全無法得到及時、有效的救濟，」羅柏森說。「貿易夥伴、從柬埔寨採購的國際成衣品牌以及國際勞工組織應當合作施壓，要求建立能夠維護勞工權利的有效的勞資糾紛調解機制。」
