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YouTube限播人权观察批评LGBT言论审查的视频

LGBT内容遭以不透明标准限制浏览

本周一,犹他州废止了一项禁止在校园“宣扬同性恋”的法律,承认青少年及儿童不分性倾向或性别认同应有平等权利获取信息和资源。

很不幸,YouTube似乎尚未全然领会这一观点。

更新:3月23日星期四,YouTube似乎将人权观察的LGBT视频恢复可在受限模式播放。

人权观察YouTube专页的屏幕截图,显示停用(左)和启用受限模式(restricted view)的结果。 © 2017 人权观察

上星期,一群LGBT视频博客和艺术家让各界注意到一个事实,即YouTube的受限模式(restricted mode,繁体中译:嚴格篩選?模式)──允许家长和学校用来“帮助过滤可能少儿不宜的内容”的功能──大范围屏蔽LGBT内容,包括以LGBT少儿为对象的适龄媒体来源。

由于用户压力逐渐积累,YouTube本周公开澄清,虽然某些LGBT视频可以在受限模式播放,但“谈论较敏感议题的视频可能无法播放”。根据该公司电子邮件声明,所谓敏感议题包括“例如关于健康、政治和性的主题”。

阅读这支影片的文字描述
NARRATION / TEXT ON SCREEN “No promo homo” laws are on the books in eight US states. These laws restrict how teachers can talk about LGBT issues in the classroom. Arizona forbids portraying homosexuality as a “positive alternative life-style” and bans teaching “safe methods of homosexual sex.” In South Carolina, instruction “may not include a discussion of alternate sexual lifestyles” except “concerning sexually transmitted diseases.” Alabama schools must teach that “homosexuality is not a lifestyle acceptable to the general public.” Utah’s law prohibits “the advocacy of homosexuality” in schools. It’s also the first state where a “no promo homo” law is being challenged in court. We spoke to teachers, students, and parents there. Bonnie Owens After School Program Coordinator Many teachers, because the law is vague, understand it as a gag rule, meaning they can't say anything about homosexuality at all. And what that means is that a lot of teachers aren't actually fulfilling their responsibility to keep children safe, because they don’t think that they can intervene in anti-gay behavior. Joshua Greer High School Student “No promo homo” does affect how they deal with bullying in the classroom or even in the hallways. Just because they think that they can't even talk about it in school. Last year it was like pretty much every day. It was like, “You’re such a queer, you’re such a fag.” I got pushed into walls and called a gay or a fag. Rose Greer Joshua’s Mom They can't be safe because they have very few people to talk to and until we get rid of laws like “no promo homo,” they're not safe. Kimberlee Irvine Teacher The biggest bullying issues are centered around LGBTQ issues and right now we don’t have the tools or the ability or the freedom to be able to have the discussions that we need to have. These laws keep kids from learning the basics of sexuality and safe sex in health class. Bea Giauque High School Student When I went into 10th grade Health, with the knowledge of "I'm bisexual," the entire thing was "Hey, men and women go together. Girls and boys are going to have sex. That's how it is." Troy Williams Executive Director Equality Utah The “no promo homo” law originally was designed to only apply to health and sex ed class. But we're seeing the effects of “no promo homo” in history classes, in English classes, et cetera. For an assignment on family history, Josh tried to do a presentation about his uncle, who’s gay. But his teacher wouldn't allow it. Joshua Greer High School Student She was just saying like, "We can't talk about that. Gay is not something that we can actually talk about.” So it was kind of hard for me because that's my family and I'm gay. If I can't talk about my family members, then how am I supposed to feel? Bea Giauque High School Student It's absolutely ridiculous that I can't talk about my own sexuality. I can't talk about who I am as a person without feeling like I'm going against the law. And every time I tried to bring it up with a teacher, they also brushed by it and said, "Sorry, we can't help you here. Go to the internet." “No promo homo” laws are discriminatory and harm kids. They should be repealed. Rose Greer Joshua’s Mom There are kids who want to fall in love, who want to date, who want to go to prom, who want to be just as anybody else is in the school system. There's nothing wrong with being gay, and when we don't talk about it in the school system we create a perception that there is something wrong with it. Kimberlee Irvine Teacher If the “no promo homo” law were repealed, it would send a powerful message to our students. It would send the message to these students that they are valued, that their voice is being heard. That we care about them and that they have a place in our classroom.

被YouTube受限模式屏蔽的人权观察视频之一,是在讨论犹他州歧视性法律的影响──很讽刺地,这支反对LGBT言论审查的视频本身也遭到审查。正如该视频所述,阻止学生获得适龄信息不仅剥夺他们获取重要信息的机会,更是一种污名化,使他们以为自己的认同错误或不适当。对于缺乏家庭或学校资源的LGBT少儿而言,YouTube这类网站是他们获取意见、信息和行为榜样的重要来源。

人权观察已联系YouTube,询问为何将我们的视频列入受限内容。该公司发言人拒绝对具体视频做评论,但提供了一则博客贴文,承认YouTube的受限模式“运作成效未如预期。”文中说明YouTube已开始用人工重新分类某些被屏蔽视频,并请求耐心等待该公司重新检讨其内容过滤技术。

这项措施的方向正确。LGBT少儿应能取得适合其年龄的健康、政治和性的信息,不必为自己的认同感到困扰。做为信息守门员,YouTube及其他内容提供者应确保过滤信息的基础明确、透明,而且过滤方式不造成歧视。内容创作者若确信其视频遭到该网站受限模式错误筛滤,也应有投诉管道。

YouTube应确保在提供服务时,尊重所有儿童有权获取促进其身心健康、健全的信息。

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