While authorities have pledged to reform law and practices to conform to the bold human rights affirmations in the 2011 constitution, a judiciary lacking in independence continues to convict and imprison critics, using repressive laws such as those that penalize “insulting” the monarchy and state institutions. Authorities often tolerate street protests, which are increasingly widespread, but sometimes disperse them violently and then file dubious charges against their leaders. In Western Sahara, Moroccan authorities move swiftly to prevent demonstrations in favor of self-determination for that disputed region. The 2004 family code advanced women’s rights but other laws discriminating against women persist.