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January 2025
Walande, Solomon Islands
Johnson Sua
Police Officer
I did not want to change my life. My previous life, my good life. But due to the cause of climate change, caused by the global world, factories, companies, I have to move.
Eva Cathy Iroga
Student
It’s a sad thing to see suddenly everything just wiped away, or stripped away. Everyone cried and yeah, I feel sorry for their homes that gone.
Johnson Sua
We need government to address those who directly affected. Walande is the one of the villages
who are directly affected. We already moved from the island. You can see the empty posts standing. Wave are now coming.
Fred Dauburi
Secretary for Walande Community
As a little boy we feared nothing. We don’t worry about things. We only enjoyed fishing and then going out in the garden. But now we know that climate change really bringing disasters.
Johnson Sua
I expect government to do something for us.
Title
No More Land
Richard Kwai
We are people migrating from one place to place. So originally we came from Northeast Malaita. That's where our ancestors came from.
Text On Screen
Extreme weather events, intensified by climate change, repeatedly displaced Walande community members from their island home.
Today their island has been completely submerged by
the sea.
As a result, the people of Walande were forced to relocate to the nearby mainland.
May 1986
Solomon Islands
Richard Kwai
Chairman, Walande Church
The first destruction to the island was in 1986 when Cyclone Namu destroyed Solomon Islands. They escaped to the mainland after one week they came back and rebuild the island again to its original size. 2009 is the worst time of the climate change. Properties on the islands all destroyed. Houses were washed away, and the sea washed through the village and destroyed the houses in the middle of the village.
Susie Waita Fakaia
Nurse
I was there at that time. I was too scared. I almost break down, because I haven't seen such a big mighty waves like that, in my growing up in this village.
Richard Kwai
And that's when people decide to move.
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By the mid-2010s, the community had relocated to a small area on the mainland that was given to their ancestors.
87% of land in Solomon Islands is held under customary tenure, regulated by unwritten laws and oral tradition passed down from generation to generation.
Richard Kwai
And when they come to settle here, they become best friends with the landowner here. And the best friends allow them to live in this part of the southern Malaita.
Johnson Sua
We are not move here by the government. We are moved to this mainland by ourself. By our strength. The walkways and other things, it’s not built by the government. If we lean on the government, or if we lean on the other organizations of the world, we still remain the same.
Richard Kwai
During that time too, the Solomon Islands’ government supported the community by providing ten cartons of nails to build a house. Yeah...
Eva Cathy Iroga
This community here, they always work together as a family. There's a lot of many tribes here, but when it comes to do things together like (building) the footpaths, they all come together and then (get) the job done.
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The people of Walande showed ingenuity and leadership in their relocation, but moving an
entire community inherently involves losses.
Johnson Sua
It's really painful. Some older people they are desperately cry for the old village. Saltwater people used to live and love living in the sea. The changes of this new place really, we really lost the culture and the tradition.
Richard Kwai
We are still feeling the effect of climate change. In terms of food security, people find it difficult to catch fish now because the environment is changed. The fish habitats is already destroyed, and people move even farther to find fish. Most of our gardening on the coast is already washed away. We live on swamp taro. And now I think about 80% of the swamp taro is already destroyed and people no longer have enough of that crop. In 2021 we secured funding to put up this seawall, hoping it will mitigate coastal erosion. In 2023 we began to notice the gabion wire’s already destroyed, rusted and falling apart. We need engineers especially, because our only fear is that if we are not careful the sea erosion will continue to drag us inland.
Susie Waita Fakaia
Some of our piece of lands, especially in lowlands, the sea has already washed away, that's why we get short of land.
Fred Dauburi
At present we are just surviving on just about 50 hectares plot of land. The population of this community is increasing rapidly but a piece of land will not expand.
Richard Kwai
We will have to convince the landowners to allow us extending the boundary. With good negotiation, perhaps we can break through. It also depends on the landlord, if they're willing, they can extend the boundary for us.
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The future ability of the community, and its members, to remain in their new village is at risk, as is protection of their rights.
Landowners in neighboring villages say the Walande community never had permission for long-term settlement, only agricultural use.
Richard Kwai
One of our dreams is to have this land registered by the government so that we are feel secured in the future. The landowner always disturb us with this because they want to return the land from us, but then it's not our agreement with them, but it's our agreement with our ancestors.
Peter Fletcher Wate
Teacher
A lot of young people are flooding out to live somewhere especially in Honiara (capital of Solomon Islands). I also send my picaninny out, children out.
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The Solomon Islands’ government should uphold Walande community members’ rights, including their land rights and right to food.
It should also assess the needs of other communities facing the impacts of climate change, and provide them with adequate support if they request to relocate.
Robert Misimaka
Ministry of Lands Housing & Survey, Solomon Islands
In my view the government of Solomon Islands do seems to forget most of the people in the rural areas. We have representatives from some of these areas, but you know... They fully aware of the situations but they focus on other things apart from what’s supposed to be done when it comes to climate change, so it's kind of a wakeup call for the country because people out there really really need the support of the government, so. There are lots needs to be done.
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The Solomon Islands’ government launched national Planned Relocation Guidelines in 2022.
The Guidelines are a positive step but Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for their implementation are still under development.
Robert Misimaka
At the moment, as we speak, we are still working on our SOP: Standard Operation Procedures. We anticipated that once this is completed this year, then we might try and see how we start working on this.
December 5, 2024
Video Courtesy of the International Court of Justice
John Muria Jnr.
Solomon Islands Attorney General
While the impacts of our changing climate will continue to affect us all, those impacts are not distributed equally. As a small island, developing state and least developed country in the Pacific, Solomons is on the frontlines of the most severe and devastating impacts of climate change.
Harj Narulla
Counsel for Solomon Islands
As a least developed country, Solomon Islands will simply not have the financial and technical capacity to meet the challenges of climate change without the assistance of other states under the Paris framework.
Johnson Sua
So it's everybody's responsibility. The world, the government, ourself here in this village, myself, it's our responsibility.
- 氣候衝擊加劇導致瓦蘭迪（Walande）等所羅門群島沿海社區成員被迫搬遷，危及其經濟、社會與文化權利。
- 瓦蘭迪社區成員因海平面上升和風暴不斷加劇而由一座小島遷往馬萊塔（Malaita）主島，但他們仍然面臨氣候衝擊、土地使用權不穩定、土地取得受限和支援不足等各種威脅。
- 所羅門群島政府應落實其《有計畫搬遷指導原則》，按需求決定支援優先次序。該國政府和高收入國家應擴大資金與技術援助，確保前線社區能夠以保障人權的方式搬遷或留下。
（霍尼亞拉）－人權觀察今天發表報告指出，海平面上升和其他氣候衝擊——加上土地使用權缺乏保障、土地取得受限以及政府支援不足——正在損害所羅門群島原住民社區瓦蘭迪（Walande）居民的權利。儘管該社區已採取撤離外島家園的最後手段以逃避氣候變化衝擊，居民仍舊面臨風險。
這份66頁的報告，《「就是沒有更多土地了」：社區主導的有計畫搬遷作為所羅門群島適應海平面上升的最後手段》，記錄瓦蘭迪社區成員為何在就地適應氣候變化數十年後作出搬遷的艱難抉擇，以及為何他們的經濟、社會與文化權利仍面臨威脅。人權觀察發現，所羅門群島政府已採取重要措施支援面臨氣候危機急劇影響的社區，包括制定《有計畫搬遷指導原則》（Planned Relocation Guidelines），但相關原則尚未全面落實。
「瓦蘭迪的故事警醒我們，社區無法獨力對抗氣候危機，」人權觀察氣候流離失所問題研究員艾瑞卡・包爾（Erica Bower）說。「所羅門群島政府有機會在尊重人權的有計畫搬遷方式上成為全球表率，但必須立即落實其指導原則，確保因氣候危機流離失所的社區都能得到充足支援。」人權觀察訪問了超過130名來自瓦蘭迪和其他沿海村落的社區成員、政府官員及學者專家，並且分析了衛星影像、適應援助數據以及其他相關文件。
瓦蘭迪社區成員約800人，居住在所羅門群島南馬萊塔島沿岸。2010年代中期以前，他們世代生活在一座離岸小島。儘管數十年來飽受颶風和風暴侵襲，瓦蘭迪人不斷重建家園，就地適應。然而，在2009年毀滅性的「國王大潮」之後，整個社區被搬遷至主島。
由瓦蘭迪經驗可見，政府和國際捐助方若未對社區主導的有計畫搬遷提供充足支援，可能造成危險。儘管向外界請求援助，社區成員主要仍靠自己出資和執行搬遷。遷移只能帶來短期的安全。海水不斷沖垮新位址的防波堤，破壞社區的傳統食物來源。
該社區幾乎沒有資金可以抵擋海平面上升的威脅，搬遷位址的土地使用權缺乏保障，而且無法取得更多、更靠內陸的土地。部分居民考慮再次搬遷。「我們想再搬一次——搬到更高處，」一名居民說。
A close-up view highlights land erosion and the disappearance of trees caused by sea incursion, further exposing houses to disasters. (From left to right): May 27, 2010 © 2025 Maxar Technologies. Google Earth. June 2, 2024 © 2025 Airbus. Google Earth. Analysis and Graphics © 2025 Human Rights Watch.
瓦蘭迪女性還有另一層憂慮，因為她們對土地的控制權受到馬萊塔省父權土地制度的限制。有幾位女性表示，社區領袖的適應措施之一是向她們施壓，要她們與瓦蘭迪社區以外的男性結婚。
有計畫搬遷是帶有嚴重風險的最後手段適應措施。搬遷計畫必須尊重知情同意及其他人權原則，並且要讓搬遷社區（如瓦蘭迪）的居民全程參與每一階段。社區新位址的選擇，應有助成員享有各項經濟、社會及文化權利。
所羅門群島政府依據國際法負有保護社區避免可預見氣候風險的義務，應促進尊重人權的氣候適應並維護原住民權利、傳統土地權利及女性權利。2022年《有計畫搬遷指導原則》理論上為落實前述義務建立強有力的框架。但在這些原則付諸實施之前，被搬遷和主動搬遷的居民仍將面臨氣候變化影響和人權風險。
所羅門群島政府應全面實施該指導原則，包括制定全國評估計畫，以確定哪些社區最容易受到氣候災害，並根據社區需求決定支援優先次序。政府還應該增加社區主導搬遷的資金，確保資金不僅足以償付重建住房和提升居民安全的費用，還能全面支持包含教育、健康與文化傳承等各項權利。
根據國際氣候與人權法，「發達」國家有義務支援最不發達國家（例如所羅門群島）的氣候適應。然而從2011年到2021年，所羅門群島每年只收到人均20美元的氣候適應外國援助。
有些國家已開始支持社區主導的適應作為，包括澳洲出資為瓦蘭迪預備新位址。但人權觀察指出，國際捐助方應儘速擴大財政與技術援助，確保所羅門群島能夠應對氣候變化，並確保如瓦蘭迪等前線社區可以在保障人權之下就地適應或異地搬遷。
政府間氣候變化專門委員會（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）預測，「隨著氣候風險加劇，有計畫搬遷的需求將與日俱增。」每一個擁有海岸線的國家最起碼必須預見此一挑戰，並從過往的社區主導搬遷（如瓦蘭迪）和政策（如所羅門群島的指導原則）汲取經驗教訓。
「支持位在氣候危機前線的社區已經刻不容緩，而且只會愈來愈迫切，」包爾說。「若不落實以人權為中心的政策，就無法應對這些日益嚴峻的挑戰。」
