 
REPRESSION
OF MONTAGNARDS
Conflicts
over Land and Religion in
Vietnam's Central Highlands
Resume et Recommendations en français
Order Online
Human Rights Watch
New York · Washington ·
London · Brussels
Copyright © April 2002 by Human Rights
Watch.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN: 1-56432-272-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2002104126
Table
of Contents
Acknowledgments
I.
Summary and Recommendations
II.
Introduction
An
Independent Homeland
The
Government Response
Rhetoric
and Reality
III.
A History of Resistance to Central Government Control
Customary
Lands
The
Dega People-An Oral History
Promises
of Autonomy: The French
Promises
of Autonomy: Hanoi
The
1958 Bajaraka Movement
The
Second Indochina War: 1960-1975
The
FULRO Rebellions: 1964-1965
Easing
of Tensions in the mid-1960s
The
Highlands After 1975
IV.
Government Policies Toward Ethnic Minorities
"Mutual
Respect, Participation, and Equal Rights"
Fixed
Fields, Fixed Settlements
Regreening
the Barren Hills
V.
Population Explosion: The Impact of Migration
Organized
Migration
Spontaneous
Migration
The
Coffee Connection
Soaring
Population: The Example of Dak Lak
VI.
The 1990s: Escalation in Land Conflicts
Lack
of Land Security
State
Confiscation of Land
"A
Plea for Help"
Lack
of
Government Action
No
Response after Five Years: The Conflict in D Village
Intersection
of Land Conflicts and Religious Persecution
Escalating
Tensions over Land
"One
Day We Will be the Ones in Charge"
VII.
Repression of Ethnic Minority Protestants
Christianity
in the Highlands
Government
Statistics: Protestantism in the Central Highlands (1975-2000)
The
House Church Movement
Party
Directives to Suppress Minority Christians
Pressure
on House Churches
Arbitrary
Fines and Forced Labor
VIII.
Ethnic Discrimination
Poverty
Education
Pressure
to Limit Family Size
IX.
The Movement for Land Rights and Religious Freedom
The
Run-up to the Protests
Government
Surveillance
The
January 2001 Crackdown
The
February 2001 Demonstrations
February
2: Pleiku
February
3: Buon Ma Thuot
Clashes
Between Police and Protesters
February
5-6: Ea H'leo
February
14: Kontum
Coerced
or Willing Participants?
X.
Government Response: The Initial Reaction
The
Immediate Response: Arrests and Police Sweeps
Surveillance
and Interrogations
Police
Torture
Targeting
of Christians
XI.
Increasing the Pressure
Travel
Restrictions and Increased Surveillance
Restrictions
on Diplomatic and Media Access
Intensified
Repression of Christians
The
Trials
XII.
Interpreting the Unrest
Acknowledgment
of Grievances
Hearts
and Minds
The
June 2001 Party Advisory
XIII.
Refugee Flight to Cambodia
The
Tripartite Talks
Flight
to Cambodia: Arrest, Mistreatment and Forced Return
XIV.
Tightening Controls
The
Christmas Crackdown
The
One-Year Anniversary
XV.
CASE STUDY: The Church Burning and Killing by Security Forces in Plei Lao
The
Church at Plei Lao
The
Prayer Meetings
The
Shooting
The
Church Burning
The
Arrests
The
Aftermath
The
Government's Response
XVI.
CASE STUDY: The Goat's Blood Oath Ceremonies in Ea H'leo
Crude-and
Cruel-Rituals
Humiliation
XVII.
CASE STUDY: Arrest and Torture of Highlanders Deported from Cambodia
Buon
Ea Sup: Why People Fled
Torture
and Detention
Selected
Bibliography
Appendix
A: The Land Conflict in D Village:First Complaint, 1995
Appendix
B: The Land Conflict in D Village: Second Complaint, 2000
Appendix
C: The Interrogation of a Protestant Church Leader, Dak Lak, July 2001
Appendix
D: Complaint from Buon Don District Villagers to Bureau of Religious Affairs
Appendix
E: Employment Discrimination Against Minority Christians
Appendix
F: Citizen Petition: "A Report on the Cruel Action Against the Tribal People
in the Highlands"
Appendix
G: "Official Pledge" Read During the Goat's Blood Ceremonies
Appendix
H: March 26, 2001 Deportations, Document 1
Appendix
I: March 26, 2001 Deportations, Document 2
|
