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Appendix I
Overview of the Forms/Sites in which Untouchability is being Practised in Rural India, by Degree of Prevalence [492]
|
More than 50% of Villages |
45-50% of Villages |
30-40% of Villages |
25-30% of Villages |
20-25% of Villages |
15-20% of Villages |
10-15% of Villages |
Less than 10% of Villages |
|
Denied entry into non-Dalit houses Prohibitions against food sharing Denied entry into places of worship Ill-treatment of women by other women |
Denied access to water facilities Ban on marriage processions Not allowed to sell milk to cooperatives Denied barber services Denied laundry services Ill-treatment of women by non-SC [scheduled caste] men |
Denied work as agricultural labourer Cannot sell things in local markets Denied visits by health workers Separate seating in 'hotels' Denied access to irrigation facilities Separate utensils in 'hotels' Discriminatory treatment in police stations Separate seating in Self-Help Group |
Denied entry into police stations Denied carpenter's services Denied entry into PDS [Public Distribution System] shops Denied access to restaurants/ hotels Forced to stand before upper-caste men |
Paid lower wage rates for same work Ban on festival processions on roads Denied home delivery of letters Segregated seating in schools Denied entry into private health clinics No access to grazing/fishing grounds Tailor refuses to take measurements Buying of pots from potter Separate drinking water in schools |
Discriminatory treatment in post offices Cannot wear new/bright clothes Shops: No touching in transactions Denied access to public roads/passage Denied entry into PHCs [Primary Health Centers] Not allowed to use umbrellas in public Schools: SC students and non-SC teacher Schools: SC teachers and non-SCstudents |
Denied entry into panchayat [village council] office Ban on wearing dark glasses, smoking, etc. Schools: SC teacher and non-SC student Public transport: No seats/last entry Separate lines at polling booth Denied entry into polling booth Cannot use chappals [slippers] on public roads Discriminatory treatment in PHCs [Primary Health Centers] |
Denied access/entry to public transport Separate times at polling booth Discriminatory treatment in private clinics Compulsion to seek blessing in marriages Forced to seek upper caste's permission for marriages Cannot use cycles on public roads Denied entry/seating in cinema halls |
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[492] Reproduced from: Shah, et al., Untouchability in Rural India, p. 65 (Table 2.1). The survey investigated the extent and incidence of untouchability in different spheres of life in contemporary rural India. It examined 565 villages in 11 major states of India, including the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala in south India; Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan in central and western India; Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in north India; and Orissa and Bihar in eastern India. The states selected account for 77 percent of India's total Dalit population and cover a substantial and representative portion of India's territory and overall population. See Ibid., pp. 48-49.