Last Hope

The Need for Durable Solutions for Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal and India

I. Executive Summary

II. Recommendations

III. Background

IV. Life in the Refugee Camps in Nepal

Cuts in Essential Services

Sexual and Gender-Based Violence..

V. Life for Ethnic Nepalis in Bhutan

No Objection Certificates

Education..

Compulsory labor

Land ownership..

Democratization..

VI. The Need for a Durable Solution

VII. Repatriation

The Right to Return to One's Own Country

Right to a Nationality

Prospects for Repatriation..

VIII. Resettlement

Lack of Information..

IX. Local Integration

X. Divergent Views, Rising Tensions

Opponents of Resettlement

Threats and Intimidation..

XI. The Right to Free Expression and the Need for Information

XII. Unregistered Refugees in Nepal and India

Unregistered Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal

Unregistered Bhutanese Refugees in India..

XIII. Conclusion

Methodology

Acknowledgements