Criminal Reprisals

Kenyan Police and Military Abuses against Ethnic Somalis

Glossary of Abbreviations

Summary

Recommendations

Methodology

I. Background

Attacks against Kenyan Forces and Civilian Targets

Response of the Kenyan Security Forces

II. Security Forces’ Abuses against Ethnic Somalis: Garissa, Mandera, and Wajir

Military Abuses in Garissa

Military Abuses in Wajir

Police Abuses in Wajir

Military and Police Abuses in Mandera

Loss of Trust in Security Forces

III. Police Abuses against Somali Refugees in Dadaab

Increasing Insecurity in Dadaab

The December 2011 Police Raid on Somali Refugees

Further Arrests and Extortion of Somali Refugees

IV. Response of the Kenyan Authorities to Abuses by the Security Forces

Police Response

Broader Police Reform Issues

Military Response

Acknowledgements

Appendix I: Attacks on Kenyan Security Forces and Civilian Targets in North Eastern Province, October 2011-February 2012

Appendix II: Human Rights Watch Letter to the Minister of State for Defence

Appendix III: Human Rights Watch Letter to the Minister of State for Internal Security