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“Everyone’s in on the Game”
Corruption and Human Rights Abuses by the Nigeria Police Force
Map of
Nigeria
Summary
Recommendations
Methodology
Background
Historical
Overview
“The
Forty Thieves” in Police Uniform during the Early Colonial Period
Establishing
a National Police Force
Structure of
the Nigeria Police Force and Its Oversight Bodies
Corruption
in Nigeria
Definitions
of Corruption
Human Rights
Abuses Associated with Police Extortion and Bribery
Extortion of
Money at Police Checkpoints
Arbitrary
Arrests and Detention
Mass Arrests
and Detention: “Raiding”
Prolonged
Unlawful Detention: A “Cash Cow”
Extortion
Using Threats and Acts of Physical Abuse
The Police
“Bang You” for Failing to Pay
Torture as a
Tool of Extortion
Sexual
Assault Associated with Extortion
Killed for
Failing to Pay a Bribe
Extrajudicial
Killings at Checkpoints
Impact of
Police Corruption on Rule of Law
Undermining
the Criminal Investigation: Justice for Sale
Requiring
Victims to Fund Criminal Investigations: Denying an Effective Remedy
“Turning”
the Case against the Complainant
Police
Protection for Sale: Unequal Protection under the Law
Lack of
Security and Abuses by Vigilante Groups
The Vicious
Cycle: Embezzlement and the Corrupt System of “Returns”
High-Level
Embezzlement of Police Funds
The Case of
Former Inspector General Tafa Balogun
The Case of
Kenny Martins and the Police Equipment Fund
Other
Corruption Scandals
Embezzlement
Starving Police of Needed Funds
Corrupt
System of Monetary “Returns”
Police
Recruitment: “All about the Money”
Payment of
Bribes to Obtain and Remain in Lucrative Posts
Denial of
Problem by Senior Police Leadership
Funding the
Nigeria Police Force
Federal
Government Allocations
State and
Local Government Funds
Other
Sources of Police Funds
Lack of
Transparency and Financial Oversight of Police Funds
Ineffective Accountability Mechanisms
Public
Complaint Mechanisms
Lack of
Confidence in Public Complaint Mechanisms
Internal
Monitoring Mechanisms
X-Squad
Human Rights
Desks
External
Anti-Corruption Commissions
Code of
Conduct Bureau and Tribunal
Independent
Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission
Economic and
Financial Crimes Commission
Police
Disciplinary Mechanisms
Lack of
Accountability
Police
Reform
2008
Presidential Committee
Acknowledgments
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