“One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure”

Summary

Recommendations

To the Government of Ethiopia

To Ethiopia’s Federal Government and the Regional Governments of Amhara, Oromia, and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Regions

To the United States, Canada, Norway, European Union member states, and the World Bank

To the European Union Election Observation Mission

Methodology

Background

The First Decade

2005 Elections

2008 Local Elections

Repressive Legislation in 2009

2010 Pre-Electoral Period

Constricting Political Space

Expanding Ruling Party Control

Apparatus of Control

Leveraging Resources and Services

Mobilizing Civil Servants

Mobilizing Teachers and Students

Intimidation of Political Opposition

Violence, Arbitrary Arrest, and Detention of Opposition Supporters

Stifling Independent Voices

Repression of Civil Society

Failure to Conduct Credible Investigations into Abuses

Charities and Societies Proclamation

Domestic Election Observers

Muffling the Media

Government Response to Alleged Repression of Civil Society and the Media

International Response

Quiet Diplomacy and Elections

Election Observers

Acknowledgements