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Ballots to Bullets
Organized Political Violence and Kenya's Crisis of Governance
March 17, 2008

This 81-page report documents how hundreds of lives were lost due to organized political and ethnic violence sparked by irregularities in the December 2007 presidential elections. The report also describes unlawful killings by the Kenyan police, who used excessive force in responding to demonstrations, killing hundreds of people.

Read the Report
ISBN: A2001
Get the Report
  • Download this report (PDF, 2.25 MB)
  • Summary and recommendations: photo feature (PDF, 1.73 MB)
  • Ballots to Bullets
  • Map of Kenya
  • Summary
  • Methodology
  • Recommendations
  • Background: Kenya's Long-Term Crisis of Governance
  • Human Rights Violations in the Context of the General Election
  • Use of Excessive Force and Extrajudicial Killings by Police
  • Organized Violence in the Rift Valley
  • The Response of the Kenyan Government
  • The Response of International Actors
  • Acknowledgments
  • Annex 1: Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation, Agreement establishing a Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission
  • Annex 2: Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation, Agreement establishing a Commission of Inquiry on Post-Election Violence
  • Annex 3: Terms of Reference for the Independent Review Committee to investigate the General Election of 2007
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