Prohibited Identities

State Interference with Religious Freedom

I. Summary and Introduction

Egyptian Law and International Law...

Shari`a and Egypt's Plural Legal System...

Religious Conversion..

Remedies

II. Recommendations

To the government of Egypt

III. Religious and National Identity in Egypt

Identity Documents and Religion..

"Recognized" Religions and Public Order

Conversion from Islam and Public Order

Freedom of Religion, Shari`a, and Public Order

The Computerization Deadline..

IV. Egypt's Baha'is and the Policy of Erasure

V. Conversion and Freedom of Religion

VI. No Return: Official Obstacles to Re-converting to Christianity

VII. In the Name of the Father: Involuntary "Conversions"

VIII. Freedom of Religion and Human Rights Law..

International Standards

Freedom of Religion and Egyptian Law...

Methodology

About This Report

Appendix: Human Rights Watch Letters to the Egyptian Minister of Interior on National ID Cards