The Human Cost

The Consequences of Insurgent Attacks in Afghanistan

Map of Afghanistan

I. Summary

II. Background

III. Civilian Accounts

Attacks Targeting Civilians

Indiscriminate or Disproportionate Attacks on Military Targets

IV. Civilian Perceptions

V. Rising Civilian Casualties: Trends and Statistics

VI. Legal Analysis

Applicable Treaties and Customary Law...

Applying Legal Standards to Insurgent Activities

International Forces, Security Concerns, and Laws of War Violations

VII. Recommendations101

Methodology105

Acknowledgments106

Appendix A: Examples of Insurgent Attacks in 2006107

Appendix B: Attacks on Afghan Educational Facilities in 2006116