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Gender-Based Abuses and Women's HIV Treatment in Zambia
I. Summary
II. Key
Recommendations to the Government of Zambia and Zambia National Assembly
III. Methodology
IV. Background
Gender and HIV/AIDS in Africa..
Access and Adherence to Treatment
Obstacles to Accessing HIV/AIDS Treatment in Zambia..
Women in Zambia..
Domestic and Sexual Violence..
Property Rights
Social, Economic, and Political Indicators of the Status
of Women
Women's Political Participation
Decision-Making within the Household and Negotiation of
Safer Sex
V. The Impact of
Gender-Based Abuses on Women's HIV Treatment
Gender-Based Violence..
HIV Testing and Disclosure..
The Impact of Violence and Abuse on Access and Use of
ART
Insecure Property Rights
Unequal Property Rights upon Divorce..
Property Grabbing..
Lack of Access to Food..
Payment of Related Costs
VI. Zambia's
Response to Gender-Based Abuses Impeding Women's HIV Treatment
The Health System...
Health Policies
Healthcare Facilities and Gender-Based Violence..
Monitoring Adherence to ART and Gender-Based Abuses
Training for ART Counselors
Health System Limitations and the Response to
Gender-Based Abuses
Shortage of Human Resources
Inadequate Infrastructure..
Lack of Appointment Systems
The Role of Women's Organizations in AIDS Programs and
Community-Based Support
Legal Framework and Access to Justice..
The Constitution
Legislation on Gender-Based Violence..
Property Rights in Statutory and Customary Law..
The Victim Support Unit
Legal Aid..
Shelters and Social Support Services
Gender Policies
The Role of NGOs
VII. Zambia's
International Legal Obligations
VIII. Response of
the International Community
The United States
The Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and
Malaria..
IX. Conclusion
X. Detailed
Recommendations
To the Government of Zambia and the Zambia National
Assembly
To Donors
To UN Agencies and the UN Special Rapporteur on the
Right to Health
To Regional and Global Actors
XI. Acknowledgements
Appendix I.
Appendix II.