publications

Appendix I: Glossary of Chinese Terms

Chinese pinyin

Chinese characters

English

Bei xingzheng jinggao

被行政警告

Issued administrative warnings

Bei zanhuan zhuce

被暂缓注册

Temporarily de-registered

Chi beigao

吃被告

Taking bribes from the defendant

Chi huikou

吃回扣

Receiving kick-back

Chi yuangao

吃原告

Taking bribes from the plaintiff

Ding xing

定性

Make a determination on the (political) nature of a situation

Diaoxiao

吊销

License withdrawn

Falü xiaoguo he shehui xiaoguo xiang tongyi

法律效果与社会效果相统一

Unification of legal and social outcomes

Fayuan

法院

The courts

Fei falü de shouduan

非法律的手段

Non-legal methods

Fei susong

非诉讼

Non-litigious

Gao youchang fuwu

搞有偿服务

Demanding commission for making beneficial judgment

Gong’an

公安

Police

Gong quanli

公权力

Public power

Gongjianfa

公检法

Judicial organs (police, Procuracy, and courts)

Guquan daju

顾全大局

Take the big picture into consideration

Hei yusan

黑雨伞

“Black umbrellas” (collusion between officials and organized crime)

Heishehui

黑社会

Secret societies

Heyiting

合议庭

Collegiate panel system

Jianchayuan

检察院

Public prosecution/procuratorial work

Jianshi juzhu

监视居住

Supervised residence

Jiti shangfang

集体上访

Collective petitioning

Jitixing anjian

集体性案件

Collective case

Jubao houshen

取保候审

Bail

Juchuan

拘传

Summon for detention

Lan zhixing

滥执行

Abusing the adjudication powers

Liang ge jiehe

两个结合

Joint administration system (for the management of lawyers)

Mai zhengju

卖证据

Selling evidence of the court case

Pishi

批示

(Internal) written instructions

Quntixing anjian

群体性案件

Mass case

Renwei queyou biyao de

认为确有必要的

“If [the court] believes it is indeed necessary”

San (lao/da) nan

三(老/大)难

The “Three difficulties”

San lu hu

拦路虎

Obstacle (litt.: a tiger blocking the road)

Shangfang

上访

To petition or appeal to higher levels (colloq.)

Shehuizhuyi fazhi li’nian jiaoyu

社会主义法治理念教育

“Education in the concept of socialist rule of law”

Shen er bu pan, pan er bu shen

审而不判, 判而不审

“[The judges] who conduct the trial are not the ones adjudicating it, and those adjudicating the trial are not the ones conducting it”

Shencha yijian

审查意见

Vetting opinion

Shenpan weiyuanhui

审判委员会

Adjudicating committee

Shouzheng nan

收证难

Difficulties in gathering evidence

Shuangchong xuke

双重许可

Double permission

Sifa baofu

司法报复

Judicial retribution

Susong

诉讼

Litigation

Tanwu nuoyong zhixing kuan

贪污挪用执行款

Embezzling court funding

Ti piqiu

踢皮球

Pass the ball around (between government departments)

Ting ye zheng dun

停业整顿

Stopped for rectification

Tingzhi zhiye

停止职业

Professional suspension

Tongbao piping

通报批评

Issued criticisms

Tufa shijian

突发事件

Sudden incidents

Weiquan

维权

Rights protection

Weiquan lde shoushi

维权律师

Rights protection lawyer(s)

Weiquan yundong

维权运动

Rights protection movement

Wending yadao yiqie

稳定压倒一切

“Stability overwhelms everything”

Xingxun bigong

刑讯逼供

Forced confessions

Ya li

压力

Pressure

Yidi baodao

异地报道

Reporting from a different location

Yi fa zhi guo

依法治国

Governing the country according to law

Yinyou

引诱

Luring (a client or witness to falsify evidence)

Yingdang yuyi peihe

应当予以配合

Ought to offer cooperation

Yuejuan nan

阅卷难

Difficulties in accessing court documents

Yulun jiandu

舆论监督

Public opinion supervision

Zao jia’an

造假安

Manufacturing court cases

Zhuanzheng jiguan

专政机关

Dictatorial organs

Zhuce

注册

Registration (of lawyers licenses)

Zhuxiao

注销

De-registered

Zhuyao zhengju

主要证据

Principal evidence