IRAQ:

FORCIBLE EXPULSION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Summary

II. Introduction

Origins of "Arabization"
The 1991 Uprising and its Aftermath

III. Forced Expulsions

Combined Pressure Tactics
Forced Change of Ethnicity
Forced Recruitment into the Ba`th Party
Forced Recruitment into "Volunteer" Paramilitary Forces
Harassment and Expulsion of Families with Relatives in Iraqi Kurdistan
Recruitment of Informers
Re-allocation of Farm Land to Arab Families

IV. Forced Population Transfers as a Crime Against Humanity

Human Rights Provisions relevant to Forced Transfer
"Ethnic Cleansing"
The Right of Forcibly Displaced Persons to Return to their Homes

V. Recommendations

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

¹ Human Rights Watch, "Justice for Iraq," A Human Rights Watch Policy Paper, December 17, 2002.

² Human Rights Watch, "The Iraqi Government Assault on the Marsh Arabs," A Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper, January 25, 2003.