DANGEROUS MEDITATION

China's Campaign Against Falungong

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary
Note on methodology:
Recommendations

To the Chinese government:
To the Hong Kong government:
To the international community:
To corporations doing business in China:

II. WHAT IS FALUNGONG?

The Membership
Freedom of Belief in China

III. DEFIANCE AND RESPONSE: A CHRONOLOGY

IV. ZHANG KUNLUN -- AN ILLUSTRATIVE CASE

Analysis

V. FALUNGONG IN CUSTODY: COMPETING ACCOUNTS

Judicial Prosecutions
Reeducation through Labor; Transformation Centers
Death in Custody, Torture and Other Ill-treatment
Psychiatric Incarceration

VI. FALUNGONG OUTSIDE MAINLAND CHINA

Falungong in Hong Kong

Falungong Elsewhere in Asia

Thailand
Singapore
Japan
Australia
Taiwan

Falungong in the West

Europe
Canada
United States
United Nations

VII. ANALYSIS OF THE GOVERNMENT RESPONSE

Why Eradication?
A "rule of law" veneer

VIII. CONCLUSION

APPENDIX I: REEDUCATION THROUGH LABOR IN CHINA

APPENDIX II: LAWS AND REGULATIONS USED TO CRACK DOWN ON FALUNGONG

Social Organizations Regulations
The Assembly Law and Implementing Regulations
Public Order Regulations
The PRC Criminal Law
State Secrets and State Security Laws
Laws Governing Electronic and Print Media
Internet Regulations

APPENDIX III: A LETTER FROM ZHANG KUNLUN TO BRIGADE LEADER LIANG JUNLING

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This report was written by Mickey Spiegel, research consultant to the Asia Division of Human Rights Watch. Joseph Saunders, deputy director of the Asia Division; Sidney Jones, the division's executive director; Malcolm Smart, Human Rights Watch program director; and Jim Ross, senior legal advisor, edited the report. Elizabeth Weiss, Fitzroy Hepkins, Veronica Matushaj, and Patrick Minges provided production assistance. A very special thank you goes to Julia Zuckerman, an indefatigable volunteer whose research talents and endless patience in locating and organizing documentation were invaluable.