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TURKEY
Violations of Free Expression in Turkey

Human Rights Watch
Copyright © February 1999 by Human Rights Watch.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN 1-56432-226-2
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-60862
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I. SUMMARY

II. RECOMMENDATIONS

III. BACKGROUND

IV. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL OBLIGATIONS
Article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
Domestic Law

V. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN TURKEY TODAY
The Role of the Print Media
The Role of Private Television
The Role of the Military

VI. VIOLENCE AGAINST JOURNALISTS
Political Killings
Beatings and Other Violence

VII. IMPRISONED JOURNALISTS

VIII. RESTRICTIONS ON FREE EXPRESSION
Arbitrariness
Prosecution and Repression of the Kurdish-Nationalist Press and Writers
Prosecution and Pressure on the Islamist Press
Prosecution of the Mainstream Press and Writers
Restrictions on Reporting the Conflict in Southeastern Turkey
1987-1995
The Present Situation
The Confiscation of Publications and Books and the Closing of Newspapers
In the Mainstream Press
In the Kurdish-Nationalist Press

IX. RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF THE KURDISH LANGUAGE
International Legal Protections
Prohibitions Against the Use of Kurdish and Languages Other than Turkish
In Education
In Politics
In Broadcasting
Publishing in Kurdish

X. APPENDIX