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UPROOTING THE RURAL POOR
IN RWANDA
Human Rights Watch
New York Washington London Brussels
Copyright © May 2001 by Human Rights Watch
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN:1-56432-261-0
Library of Congress Card number: 2001090057
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I. SUMMARY
II. RECOMMENDATIONS
To the Rwandan government:
To U.N. agencies
and nongovernmental organizations:
To donor governments:
III. BACKGROUND
Historic Patterns
of Settlement
Population Growth
and Land Scarcity
Property and Returning
Refugees
The Housing Crisis
IV. THE NATIONAL HABITAT
POLICY
V. IMPLEMENTATION
The East: Kibungo,
Umutara, and Kigali-Rural
The Northwest: Ruhengeri
and Gisenyi
Elsewhere in Rwanda
VI. POPULAR REACTION
TO IMIDUGUDU
VII. FILLING THE IMIDUGUDU:
THE USE OF COERCION
Obeying the "Law"
The Security Argument
Avoiding
the Move
VIII. THE USE OF FORCE
Kinigi Commune
Resisting Relocation
Dissent by Local
Officials
IX. FORCED DESTRUCTION
OF HOUSES
X. LAND
The
Link to Imidugudu
Landholding
Laws and Practices
Taking the Land
Land for the Imidugudu
"General Sharing
Scheme"
"Returning" Property
Land Taken for Large-Scale
Farms
Remedies for the
Dispossessed
Effect of Land Loss
on Cultivators
Opposition
to Loss of Land
XI. WOMEN, CHILDREN,
AND THE ELDERLY
XII. RECONCILIATION
XIII. NUMBERS
Returnees
from the First Wave of Refugees, 1959-1973
Imidugudu Residents
XIV. VIOLATIONS
OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Right
to Freedom of Movement and Choice of Residence
Right to Adequate
Housing
Right to Secure
Enjoyment of One's Home
Right to Freedom
of Opinion and of Expression
Right to Property
Right to Remedy
XV. THE ROLE OF
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
Donors
U.N. Agencies
Nongovernmental
Organizations
XVI. DIALOGUE WITH
THE RWANDAN GOVERNMENT
XVII. CONCLUSION
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