October 1997                                                                      Vol. 9, No. 5 (A)


DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

What Kabila Is Hiding
Civilian Killings and Impunity in Congo

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I. SUMMARY

II. RECOMMENDATIONS

III. BACKGROUND

The Origin of the Refugees
Banyarwanda and Banyamulenge
The Citizenship Question
Violence Against Speakers of Kinyarwanda
The Banyamulenge Revolt
Attacks on the Camps
The Laws Violated

IV. OVERVIEW OF CIVILIAN KILLINGS FROM OCTOBER 1996 TO AUGUST 1997

Human Rights Abuses by the FAZ
Human Rights Abuses by the ex-FAR and Interahamwe Militia
Human Rights Abuses Committed by the ADFL

V. WHAT KABILA HAS TO HIDE: A CASE STUDY

Human Rights Abuses Committed by the FAZ
Human Rights Abuses Committed by the Ex-FAR and Interahamwe Militia
Human Rights Abuses Committed by the ADFL

VI. CLEANING UP: SITE PREPARATION AND THE INTIMIDATION AND KILLING OF WITNESSES

VII. WHO IS IN CHARGE: TOWARDS ESTABLISHING RESPONSIBILITY

Commander "David"
General Gaston Muyango
Commander "Godfrey" Kabanda
Lt. Colonel or Col. Cyiago (Kiago)
Commander or Lt. Colonel "Wilson"
Colonel "Richard"
Major "Jackson" Nkurunziza (or Nziza)
Commander "Joseph"
Colonel "Dominic Yugo"

VIII. UNCERTAIN PAST, UNCERTAIN FUTURE: CIVILIAN KILLINGS IN NORTH-KIVU TODAY

IX. THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE

The United States
Europe and Africa
The United Nations

X. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS