A Media Minefield

Increased Threats to Freedom of Expression in Uganda

I. Map of Uganda

II. Summary

III. Recommendations

IV. Methodology

V. The State of Media Freedom in Uganda

Background

Criminal Charges against Journalists

Cases against Print Journalists

Criminal Charges against Radio Journalists

Threats to Radio Journalists outside Kampala

The September Riots’ Impact on Freedom of Expression

Origins and Course of the Violence

Physical Assaults on Journalists

Closures of Radio Stations

The Government’s Response to Criticism over the Closures

Long-Term Suspension of Open-Air Broadcasting

Effects of the September Riots on Radio Stations outside Kampala

VI. Chilling Effect and Concerns for 2011 Elections Coverage

Intimidation Leading to Censorship and Self-Censorship

Opposition Access to the Airwaves

VII. Applicable International and National Law

Uganda’s International Obligations

Ugandan National Law

Overly Broad Powers of Media Regulatory Bodies

The 2010 Draft Amendments to the Press and Journalist Act

Annex: Criminal Cases Pending against Journalists and Talk Show Hosts

Acknowledgements