October 15, 2002

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Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians

Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians
      Summary..
II.         Recommendations
To the Groups Responsible for Perpetrating Suicide Bombings and Other Attacks on Civilians
To President Arafat and the Palestinian Authority
To the Government of Israel
To the International Community
III. SUICIDE BOMBING  ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS
Introduction
Previous Use of Suicide Attacks Against Civilians
Stated Rationales for Suicide Bombing Attacks
Victims
Attacks
Martyrdom, Public Officials, and the Role of the Media
IV. LEGAL STANDARDS
Obligations of the Palestinian Authority and Armed Palestinian Groups
Crimes Against Humanity
War Crimes: The Prohibition Against Targeting Civilians
Murder and Willful Killings
Justifications Offered by Palestinian Armed Groups
Wars Against Alien Occupation or in Exercise of the Right of Self-Determination
Retaliation and Reprisals
Who is a Civilian?
Civilian Residents of Illegal Settlements as "Legitimate Targets"
All Israelis are Reservists
Imbalance of Means
Individual and Command Responsibility for Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes
The Participation of Children in Hostilities
V. Structures and strategies of the perpetrator organizations
Hamas (harakat al-muqawama al-islamiyya, Islamic Resistance Movement)
Background
Involvement in Suicide Bombings
Structure
Islamic Jihad
Background
Involvement in Suicide Bombings
Structure
The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
Background
Involvement in Suicide Bombings
Structure
Popular Front for the liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
Background
Involvement in Suicide Bombings
Structure
Recruitment and Use of Children
VI. Financial and logistical support..
Funding Overview of Perpetrator Groups
State Support for Suicide Attacks Against Civilians
Iran
Syria
Iraq100
Other Forms of Funding or Support101
Payments to Family Members of Those Who Carry Out Attacks Against Civilians.104
VII. The Role of the Palestinian Authority.. 109
Security Role of the PA Since September 2000110
Failure to Bring to Justice those who Ordered, Planned, or Participated in Suicide Attacks on Civilians114
Palestinian Authority Payments to Armed Militants124
Requests for Palestinian Authority Financial Assistance from Armed Groups129
Participation of PA Security Officials in Suicide Bombings or Other Attacks on Civilians132
Security Officials' Protection of Individuals "Wanted" by Israel137
Conclusion139
APPENDIX ONE: CHRONOLOGY OF ATTACKS141
Chronology of suicide bombing attacks on civilians and military targets from September 30, 2000 to August 31, 2002.141
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS148