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“You Don’t Know Who to Blame”
War Crimes in Somalia
Summary
Key
Recommendations
Methodology
I.
Background
The
September 2010 and February 2011 Offensives
The
“Jubaland Initiative”
II.
International Humanitarian Law Violations
Indiscriminate
Attacks on Civilians
Al-Shabaab
AMISOM
Transitional
Federal Government
Ethiopian
and Kenyan Armed Forces
Unlawful
Killings
Al-Shabaab
TFG-Aligned
Militias
Mistreatment
in Custody
Al-Shabaab
TFG-Aligned
Militias
TFG
Recruitment
of Child Soldiers and Forced Recruitment
Al-Shabaab
TFG and
Aligned Militias
Restrictions
on Access to Humanitarian Aid
Al-Shabaab
Al-Shabaab
Attempts to Halt Emigration
III. Other
Rights Abuses
Criminal
Offenses by TFG Soldiers
Taxation and
Confiscation of Livestock by al-Shabaab
Persecution
of Political Opponents by al-Shabaab
Attacks on
Journalists and Human Rights Defenders
IV. Abuse of
Refugees and Displaced Persons
Continued
Arrests, Deportations, and Extortion by Kenyan Police Officers
Exposure to
Criminality and Rape Between the Border and the Dadaab Camps
Rape by
Kenyan Police
Inhuman
Living Conditions in Dadaab
Camps in
Jubaland: a Solution?
V. Role of
the United States, European Union, African Union, United Nations on Somalia
Recommendations
To the UN
Security Council
To the UN
Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS) and the UN Office of the High Commissioner
for Human Rights (OHCHR)
To the
Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG)
To the
African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)
To All Armed
Groups, including al-Shabaab
To
al-Shabaab and Local Authorities in al-Shabaab-Controlled Areas
To the
United States, European Union, African Union, United Nations, and Other Donors
To the
Government of Ethiopia
To the
Government of Kenya
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