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Claims in Conflict
Reversing Ethnic Cleansing in Northern Iraq
I.
Summary
II.
Recommendations
III.
Background: Forced Displacement and Arabization of Northern Iraq
The Mass Displacement of the mid-1970s
The 1988 Anfal Campaign
The Repopulation of the North with Arab Tribes
The 1991 Gulf War and its Aftermath
The Arabization of the Kirkuk Region
The Legal Framework of Arabization
IV. Legal
Standards
Forced Population Transfers as a Crime Against Humanity
Human Rights Provisions Relevant to Forced Transfer
"Ethnic Cleansing"
The Right of Forcibly Displaced Persons to Return to their
Home, or be Compensated for their Losses
The Need for Fair and Impartial Procedures and the Rights
of Secondary Occupants
V.The 2003 Iraq War and its Aftermath
Voluntary Displacement of the Arab Settlers
Case
Study: Kis Qal'a village, Shaikhan district
Forced displacement of Arab Settlers
Case
Study: Khanaqin
Case
Study: Doshivan Village
The
Situation of the Assyrians
U.S. and Coalition Efforts to Prevent Abuses
Domiz,
Duhok Governorate
VI.
Reversing Arabization of Kirkuk
Arabization of Kirkuk
Abuses Committed During the Fall of Kirkuk
The Difficulty of Resolving Kirkuk's Property Disputes
Inter-ethnic Tensions in Kirkuk
VII.
The Role of the International Community
The Security Crisis in Iraq and Its Impact on the Property
Reform Process
The Iraqi Property Reconciliation Facility
U.S. Mediation Efforts
Case
Study: Dogurtkan
Case
Study: Al-Bashir village
The Iraq Property Claims Commission
Acknowledgements
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