II. Glossaries

ANT

Chadian National Army (Armée Nationale Tchadienne), Chad’s regular army.

Arabization

A process of acquiring Arab identity, especially through intermarriage.

Autochtones

Local community with secure land tenure.

Chadian Janjaweed

As used in this report, an irregular group drawing support from Chadian community-based militias, Sudanese Janjaweed, and Chadian rebel groups.

Chef de canton

Non-Arab traditional leader responsible for conflict resolution, tax collection, and land tenure decisions in rural areas.

Chef de ferik

Nomadic authority who negotiates access to pasture with farm communities.

Chef de tribu

Arab traditional leader.

CONAFIT

National Assistance Coordination for the International Force in Eastern Chad (Coordination Nationale d’Appui à la Force Internationale à l’Est du Tchad), Chadian government body established to act as a liaison with MINURCAT.

Damre

A permanent nomadic settlement.

Dia

Blood money those responsible for serious crimes are required to pay the family of the victim.

DIS

Integrated Security Detachment (Détachement Intégré de Sécurité), Chadian police component of the UN Mission in Chad.

Dormant faction

Rebel group that continues to exist after its leadership figures have left insurgency under the terms of peace agreements.

EUFOR 

European Union military force, also known as EUFOR Tchad/RCA.

Ferik

A temporary nomadic settlement.

GNNT

National and Nomadic Guard of Chad Chad ( Garde Nationale et Nomade du Tchad ), branch of the security services responsible for rural areas.

IDP

Internally displaced person, a person obliged to leave his or her place of habitual residence who has not crossed an internationally recognized border.

Janjaweed

Proxy forces typically recruited among landless Sudanese and Chadian Arabs by the Sudanese government to conduct counterinsurgency operations against Sudanese rebels in Darfur.

JEM

Justice and Equality Movement, Sudanese rebel group supported by the Chadian government.

MINURCAT

The United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad.

Nazim

Chadian Arabic for internally displaced person, sometimes used as a pejorative.

SAF

Sudanese Armed Forces, Sudan’s regular army.

Sahel

Climatological zone that stretches from east to west across Africa south of the Sahara Desert.

SLA

Sudanese Liberation Army, Sudanese rebel group.

Tora Bora

In eastern Chad, refers to community-based self-defense militias. In Darfur the term refers to Sudanese rebel groups.

UNHCR

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Arab

As used in this report, Arabized, Arabic-speaking nomadic and semi-nomadic ethnic groups.

Beni Halba

Nomadic and semi-nomadic group found in eastern Chad and West Darfur. Associated with Janjaweed militias in Darfur. Historically allied with Ouaddaïen and Hemat tribes in Chad.

Hemat

Eastern Chad tribe historically allied with the Salamat and Beni Halba Arabs. Known as the Ta’aisha in Darfur.

Mahamid

Nomadic and semi-nomadic tribe associated with Chadian rebels and Janjaweed groups in Chad and Sudan.

Mahariya

Nomadic and semi-nomadic tribe associated with Janjaweed groups in Chad and Sudan.

Nowaybe

Semi-nomadic group in eastern Chaddivided into two sections, the Samra, characterized as rouge, and the Djamoul, characterized as noire, with the latter descended from an Arabized group. Associated with Janjaweed groups in Chad and Sudan.

Salamat

Semi-sedentary Arabized tribe concentrated in Salamat region of southeastern Chad. Largest Chadian migrant group in West Darfur. Associated with Janjaweed groups in Chad and Sudan and Chadian rebel groups.

Bideyat

Zaghawa sub- clan of Chadian President Idriss Déby Itno. Prominent in both Chadian and Sudanese rebel groups.

Dajo

Sedentary farmers, original settlers of Dar Sila. Associated with Tora Bora militias and the GNNT in Dar Sila.

Goran

Mostly nomadic tribe from northern Chad associated with Chadian UFDD rebels.

Kobe

Zaghawa sub-clan from Iriba and Tine in eastern Chad, and to a lesser extent Tine, Sudan. Predominant ethnic group in the Sudanese JEM rebels.

Masalit

Sedentary farmers from eastern Chad and West Darfur, associated with the SLA Sudanese rebels.

Mimi

Sedentary farmers from northern Ouaddaï region and West Darfur associated with Chadian Janjaweed.

Non-Arab

As used in this report, refers to Dajo, Massalit, Mouro, Sinyar, Kadjeske, Moubi, Kibet, Dagal, and other non-Arab sedentary farming groups in Dar Sila.

Ouadda ї en

Geographic term that describes sedentary farmers originating in Ouaddaï region who speak the Maba language, primarily from the Khosta ethnic group. Also present in Darfur, where they are known as the Bergo. Associated with Janjaweed groups in Chad and various Chadian rebel groups.

Tama

Sedentary farmers from Wadi Fira region of eastern Chad and parts of West Darfur. Associated with Janjaweed groups in Chad and Sudan and Chadian FUC rebels.

Zaghawa

A generic term encompassing more than 100 nomadic and semi-nomadic clans in eastern Chad and North Darfur. Ruling clan in Chadian government, prominent in both Chadian and Sudanese rebel groups.

CNT

Concorde Nationale du Tchad (Chadian National Concord)

Majority Arab rebel alliance formed in October 2005 in Khartoum by Hassan Saleh Al-Djinnédi, a Hemat Arab. Joined the FUC umbrella in December 2005, broke away in June 2006.

FUC

Front Uni pour le Changement (United Front for Change)

Umbrella group formed on December 28, 2005 led by Mahamat Nour Abdelkerim .

UFCD

Union des Forces pour le Changement et la Démocratie (Union of Forces for Change and Democracy)

Predominantly Ouaddaïen UFDD splinter founded in March 2008 by Adouma Hassaballah Djadalrab, a half-Arab, half-Ouaddaïen former Chadian army commander.

UFDD

Union des Forces pour la Démocratie et le Développement (Union of Forces for Democracy and Development)

Majority Goran group founded in October 2006 by Chad’s former ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Mahamat Nouri, a Goran from the Anakaza sub-clan.

UFDD-F

Union des Forces pour la Démocratie et le Développement Fondamental (Fundamental Union of Forces for Democracy and Development)

Majority Arab UFDD splinter founded in May 2007 by Acheikh Ibn Oumar and Abdelwahid Aboud Makaye.

UFR

Union des Forces de la Résistance (Union of Forces for the Resistance)

Coalition of eight rebel groups established on January 19, 2009. Led by Timan Erdimi, Chadian president Idriss Déby’s nephew and his former cabinet director.