"Troops in Contact"

Airstrikes and Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan

Map of Afghanistan

Summary

Key Recommendations

Methodology

II. International Forces Operating in Afghanistan

III. US and NATO Bombing and Civilian Deaths

Nijrab District in Kapisa Province

Shindand District in Herat Province

Sangin District in Helmand Province

Greshk District in Helmand Province

Deh Bala District in Nangahar Province

IV. Taliban Shielding and Airstrikes

Arghandab District in Kandahar Province

Chora District in Uruzgan Province

Zhare District in Kandahar Province

V. Airstrikes: Policies for their Use, Problems in Implementation

VI. Legal Standards

VII. Recommendations

To the United States and NATO:

To the United States:

To the government of Afghanistan:

To the Taliban, al-Qaeda, and other opposition armed groups:

VIII. Acknowledgements