The Curse of Gold 
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Map of
Democratic Republic of Congo
Map of Major
Mineral Deposits in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Map of Trade and
Control of Gold in Northeastern DRC
Abbreviations
I. Summary
II. Recommendations
III. Methodology
IV. Background: Enriching the Elites
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The
Significance of Gold
Ugandan Forces Plunder the Gold of Haut Uélé District, 1998-2002
Local Armed Groups Fight for the Gold of Ituri, 2002-2004
V. Human Rights Abuses in the Mongbwalu Gold Mining Area
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Massacres
and other Abuses by the UPC and their Allies
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Massacre at Mongbwalu, November 2002
Massacre at Kilo, December 2002
Arbitrary arrest, torture and summary executions
Mining the Gold: Instances of Forced Labour
Increased Commerce
Justice for UPC crimes
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Massacre at Kilo, March 2003
Accountability for the March 2003 Kilo Massacre
The 48 Hour War, June 2003 and subsequent massacres
A ‘Witch Hunt’ for Hema Women and other Opponents
Murder of two MONUC Observers
Threat Against Human Rights Defenders and Others Reporting Abuses
Arbitrary Arrests, Torture and Forced Labor
Control of the Gold Mines
VI. AngloGold Ashanti – Starting Gold Exploration Activities
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Competition
for the Mining Rights to the Mongbwalu Mines
AngloGold Ashanti Seeks to Start Exploration Activities in Mongbwalu, 2003
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AngloGold Ashanti develops a relationship with the FNI armed group
AngloGold Ashanti benefits from its relationship with the FNI armed group
Benefits for the FNI Armed Group
AngloGold Ashanti View of Contacts with the FNI
VII. Human Rights Abuses in the Durba Gold Mines and Trade Routes
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Summary Executions by Commander Jérôme, 2002-2004
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Executing and Torturing Supposed Political Opponents
Arbitrary Detention and Torture
Tolerating Abuses by Business Allies
VIII. Trade in Tainted Gold
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The New DRC Mining Code
Organization of the Gold Trade through Butembo and Ariwara
Congolese Gold Exported to Uganda
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Gold Export
Figures from Uganda
Gold Traders in Kampala
Encouragement of the Gold Trade by the Ugandan Government
IX. International Initiatives to Address Resource Exploitation in the DRC
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U.N. Panel of Experts Reports on Illegal Resource Exploitation in
the DRC
Investigations on Breaches of the OECD Guidelines
Response of Regional Governments
MONUC
International Financial Institutions
International Criminal Court
X. Conclusion
XI. Acknowledgements
Appendices - (29 pages, 2.5 Mb)
June 2005 ISBN 1-56432-332-3
This report was written in English and translated into French. If there are any inconsistencies between the French and English versions of this document, the English version will govern. This report was correct as at April 26, 2005.