Darfur in Flames:
Atrocities in Western Sudan
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SUMMARY
RECOMMENDATIONS
BACKGROUND
Historical Patterns of Conflict
Conflict in 2003: Widening the Divide
The Chadian Connection
Khartoum Responds in Force
ABUSES IN DARFUR BY GOVERNMENT FORCES
Patterns of Government Attacks in Darfur
A Policy of Forced Displacement
Bombing of Civilians in North Darfur
Repeated Raids in West and South Darfur
The Janjaweed Militia and Links to the Government of Sudan
Government Responses to Militia Attacks
Abuses by Government-Allied Militias
Killings of Civilians
Rape and Other Forms of Sexual Violence
Abductions of Children and Adults
Looting of Civilian Property and Related Violence
Deliberate Destruction of Homes, Water Sources, and Other Essential Civilian Property
Denial of Access to Humanitarian Assistance in Darfur
Fleeing Darfur: Another Trauma
Obstruction of Refugee Flight and Restrictions on Civilian Movement
ABUSES IN DARFUR BY REBEL FORCES
THE SPILLOVER IN CHAD
Attacks on Refugees and Chadians
Rising Ethnic Tensions in Chad
HUMANITARIAN IMPLICATIONS OF THE CONFLICT
RESPONSES TO THE DARFUR CONFLICT
Response of the Government of Sudan
Response of the Government of Chad
International Responses
METHODOLOGY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
April 2004 Vol. 16, No. 5 (A)