AcknowledgmentsThis report was written by Michael Bochenek, Fernando Delgado, Stephen Hanmer, and Helena Romanach. Michael Bochenek is counsel to the Childrens Rights Division of Human Rights Watch. Fernando Delgado is a 2004 A.B. graduate of Princeton University and the Henry Richardson Labouisse 26 Fellow for Human Rights Watch in Rio de Janeiro for 2004-2005. Stephen Hanmer is a third-year law and social work student at Columbia University. Helena Romanach is a Brazilian lawyer and a 2004 LL.M. graduate of the New York University School of Law. Bochenek and Hanmer conducted a two-week field investigation following eight weeks of preparatory work by Hanmer in Rio de Janeiro. Romanach gathered additional research from New York and SÃo Paulo, and Delgado conducted further research in Rio de Janeiro following the conclusion of the field investigation. Lois Whitman, executive director of the Childrens Rights Division; Sahr Muhammed Ally, Alan R. Finberg Fellow in the Childrens Rights Division; Wilder Tayler, legal and policy director of Human Rights Watch; and Iain Levine, program director of Human Rights Watch, edited the report. Joanne Mariner, deputy director of the Americas Division, and Jamie Fellner, director of the U.S. Program, also reviewed and commented on the manuscript. John Emerson designed the maps. Fitzroy Hepkins, Andrea Holley, Veronica Matushaj, and Dana Sommers provided production assistance. Reginaldo Alcantara translated the report from English into Portuguese. Human Rights Watch is indebted to the many nongovernmental organizations and individuals who generously assisted us in the course of our field research, among them Luke Dowdney, coordinator, Children and Youth in Organized Armed Violence Program, Viva Rio; Rubem César Fernandes, executive director, Viva Rio; Pedro Pereira, attorney, Centro de Defesa Dom Luciano Mendes; and Karyna Sposato, executive director, U.N. Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Delinquents (ILANUD). We would also like to thank the federal and state officials who agreed to be interviewed for this report and who facilitated access to juvenile detention facilities, including Dr. Guaraci de Campos Vianna, chief judge, 2da. Vara da Infância e Juventude, Rio de Janeiro; Dr. Sérgio Novo, director general, Departamento Geral de Ações Sócio-Educativas, Rio de Janeiro; Dr. Nilmário Miranda, minister, Special Secretariat of Human Rights, Brasília; Dr. JoÃo Luiz Duboc Pinaud, former secretary of state for human rights, state of Rio de Janeiro; Dr. Regiane Cristina Dias Pinto and Dr. Clisange Ferreira Gonçalves, public prosecutors, 4o. Centro de Apoio Operacional das Promotorias de Justiça da Infância e Juventude; Sidney Telles da Silva, former director general of DEGASE; Dr. Simone Moreira da Souza and the staff of the office of the public defender of Rio de Janeiro; and the members of ASDEGASE, the union that represents some of the guards in Rio de Janeiros juvenile detention centers. Finally, we would like to thank the many children and parents we interviewed, whose names have been changed in this report to protect their privacy. Human Rights Watch gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Malcolm Hewitt Foundation, the Independence Foundation, the Oak Foundation, and the community of people who support Human Rights Watchs work to defend children. Previous Human Rights Watch reports on Brazil Cruel Confinement: Abuses Against Detained Children in Northern Brazil, 2003 Behind Bars in Brazil, 1998 Urban Police Brutality in Brazil, 1997 Fighting Violence with Violence: Human Rights Abuse and Criminality in Rio de Janeiro, 1996 Final Justice: Police and Death Squad Homicides of Adolescents in Brazil, 1994 Violence Against the Macuxi and Wapixana Indians in Raposa Serra do Sol and Northern Roraima from 1988 to 1994, 1994 Forced Labor in Brazil Re-Visited: On-Site Investigations Document That Practice Continues, 1993 The Killings in Candelária and Vigário Geral: The Urgent Need to Police the Brazilian Police, 1993 Urban Police Violence in Brazil: Torture and Police Killings in SÃo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro After Five Years, 1993 The Struggle for Land in Brazil: Rural Violence Continues, 1992 Criminal Injustice: Violence Against Women in Brazil, 1991 Rural Violence in Brazil, 1991 Forced Labor in Brazil, News from Americas Watch, 1990 Police Abuse in Brazil: Summary Executions and Torture in SÃo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, 1987 Previous Human Rights Watch reports on juvenile justice and conditions of confinement for children Cruel Confinement: Abuses Against Detained Children in Northern Brazil, 2003 Charged with Being Children: Egyptian Police Abuse of Children in Need of Protection, 2003 No Minor Matter: Children in Marylands Jails, 1999 Nobodys Children: Jamaican Children in Police Detention and Government Institutions, 1999 Prison Bound: The Denial of Juvenile Justice in Pakistan, 1999 Juvenile Injustice: Police Abuse and Detention of Street Children in Kenya, 1997 Guatemalas Forgotten Children: Police Violence and Arbitrary Detention, 1997 High Country Lockup: Children in Confinement in Colorado, 1997 Children of Bulgaria: Police Violence and Arbitrary Confinement, 1996 Modern Capital of Human Rights? Abuses in the State of Georgia, 1996 Police Abuse and Killings of Street Children in India, 1996 Children in Confinement in Louisiana, 1995 Final Justice: Police and Death Squad Homicides of Adolescents in Brazil, 1994 Jamaica: Children Improperly Detained in Police Lockups, 1994 Children in Northern Ireland: Abused by Security Forces and Paramilitaries, 1992 Nothing Unusual: The Torture of Children in Turkey, 1992
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