DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO

ITURI: "COVERED IN BLOOD"

Ethnically Targeted Violence In Northeastern DR Congo

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LIST OF ACRONYMS

Map of D.R.C. [pdf]

Map of Ituri [pdf]

I. SUMMARY

II. RECOMMENDATIONS

To the Ugandan, Rwandan and DRC Governments:
To the Ugandan Government:
To the DRC Government:
To the Hema, Lendu, Ngiti and Other Armed Political Groups:
To the United Nations:
To Donor Governments:
To the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court:

III. CONTEXT: EXTERNAL ACTORS

The Peace Process and Ituri
RCD-ML and Its Links with Ethnic Groups in Ituri
Ugandan Manipulation of Local Politics
The Ugandan Government Response
The Role of the DRC Government in Ituri
Military Assistance to the RCD-ML and Other Armed Groups
DRC Minister of Human Rights Taken Hostage
Involvement of RCD-Goma and the Rwandan Government in Ituri
Economic Gain

IV. LOCAL CONTEXT - ARMED POLITICAL GROUPS

Proxies Pursuing Their Own Interests
Who is Who - Armed Political Groups in Ituri
Diagram of Armed Political Groups in Ituri
The Hema - Lendu Conflict
Rumor, Propaganda and Prejudice

V. MASSACRES AND OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES

The Attack on Bunia
Massacres and other Abuses by the UPC
The UPC Government and the Growth of Extremism
Attack at Mabanga
Massacre at Songolo
Massacre at Mongbwalu
UPC Abuses of Lendu and Others Seen as Political Opponents
Massacres and Other Abuses by the APC and by Lendu and Ngiti Armed Groups
Nyakunde Massacre
Lendu and Ngiti Summary Executions Tolerated by RCD-ML Authorities
Abuses by the MLC and RCD-N
Summary Executions and Looting at Mambasa
Assassination of Governor Joseph Enecko

Blocking Humanitarian Aid and Targeting Humanitarian Workers
The Murders of ICRC Staff
Inhumane Acts - Cannibalism and Deliberate Mutilations of Corpses
Sexual Violence
Child Soldiers

VI. THE CURRENT SITUATION

VII. International Law and Justice

International Humanitarian Law
International Criminal Court

VII. RESPONSE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

The United Nations and MONUC
International Donors
The European Union
The United Kingdom
The United States

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS