II. RECOMMENDATIONS

To British Forces Occupying Basra and Misan Governorates:

· Ensure there are a sufficient number of Royal Military Police forces available to provide security;

· Deploy, as a matter of urgency, international civilian police necessary to provide security in major cities and on major roads;

· Increase the number of patrols by British forces and joint British-Iraqi police forces throughout the major cities and on the roads of British-occupied southern Iraq;

· Vet all members of a reconstituted judiciary and police force by widely disseminating information about the proposed personnel of the reconstituted police force and judiciary;

· Establish and communicate to the people of southern Iraq the standards to be used for vetting any new or returning law enforcement and judicial personnel;

· Publicize the identity of all prospective law enforcement and judicial officials before they assume their positions, using all available local media, as well as informational posters distributed around major community centers such as mosques, schools, and commercial districts;

· Create confidential and safe channels for receiving information from the community about these personnel;

· Establish an ombudsman's office, using British and Iraqi staff, to monitor any reconstituted Iraqi law enforcement system as well as policing provided by British or international civilian police;

· Establish open and safe channels of communication for Iraqi citizens to contact an ombudsman for information and complaints about the conduct of Coalition and Iraqi law enforcement officials;

· Institute and implement plans for refurbishing or constructing prisons conforming with international human rights standards;

· Disseminate widely in Arabic the criminal and penal standards applicable to Iraqi citizens;

· Protect members of the former Iraqi government and the Ba'th party from reprisals;

· Create a program to protect witnesses and victims of current crimes, as well as human rights abuses perpetrated by the former government of Iraq.

To the Provisional Coalition Authority, including the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA):
In addition to the relevant recommendations above, the following recommendations should be implemented throughout Iraq:

· Establish and communicate to the people of Iraq, as a matter of urgency, plans for improving security throughout Iraq;

· Deploy, as a matter of urgency, coalition and other military police or constabulary units to provide security throughout Iraq;

· Establish training facilities and programs for reconstituted Iraqi law enforcement agencies, focusing on proper treatment of suspects, effective investigative techniques, and international standards of due process;

· Immediately deploy emergency judicial teams of international judges, prosecutors, and correctional officers to operate an interim judicial system capable of addressing the growing number of criminal suspects apprehended by coalition forces;

· Ensure that international law enforcement and judicial personnel, particularly those with an executive (as opposed to advisory) role, are deployed for periods of no less than one year in order to ensure a minimum of continuity;

· Establish national level law enforcement regulations consistent with international human rights standards;

· Ensure that international standards of due process are observed in vetting any law enforcement and judicial personnel;

· Integrate the special rights of women (including those afforded under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) as part of any training for law enforcement officials, including judges, prosecutors, and police;

· Integrate the special needs and rights of children (including those afforded under the Convention of the Rights of the Child and international juvenile justice standards) as part of any training for law enforcement officials, including judges, prosecutors, police, and other officials whose work brings them in contact with children;

· Initiate public education efforts to discourage the disorderly exhumation of graves and recovery of bodies;

· Facilitate preservation of evidence related to crimes committed by the former Iraqi government;

· Undertake mine action activities (survey, marking, risk education, and clearance), covering antipersonnel landmines, unexploded ordnance, and abandoned Iraqi weapons and ammunitions caches.

To the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations and U.N. Agencies:
Under the terms of the mandate granted under Security Council Resolution 1483:

· Establish, as a matter of urgency, a full-fledged human rights monitoring presence throughout Iraq, to investigate past abuses by the Ba'th government, as well as ongoing human rights violations;

· Assist the occupying power and transitional Iraqi authorities with vetting of public officials, particularly law enforcement and judicial personnel, to remove those with a past history of human rights abuse in a manner consistent with international standards of due process;

· Assist the occupying power and transitional Iraqi authorities to provide human rights training to Iraq law enforcement and judicial personnel;

· Assist the occupying power and transitional Iraqi authorities to coordinate training efforts of law enforcement and judicial personnel;

· Assist the occupying power and transitional authorities with public education efforts to discourage the disorderly exhumation of graves and recovery of bodies;

· Mobilize international resources in support of the deployment of international law enforcement and judicial personnel for immediate assistance in law enforcement and training;
· Mobilize international assistance and resources to facilitate preservation of evidence related to crimes committed by the former Iraqi government;

· Mobilize, as a matter of urgency, international resources for mine action activities (survey, marking, risk education, and clearance), covering antipersonnel landmines, unexploded ordnance, and abandoned Iraqi weapons caches;

· Press for the establishment of an international commission of experts to make recommendations regarding the type of international justice mechanism best suited to addressing crimes and atrocities committed by the previous Iraqi government, consistent with the Security Council's past practice in Resolution 780 (1992) with respect to the former Yugoslavia;

· Press for the inclusion of the rights of women (including those afforded under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) as an integral part of any training for law enforcement officials, including judges, prosecutors, and police;

· Press for the inclusion of the special needs and rights of children (afforded them under the Convention of the Rights of the Child and international juvenile justice standards) as an integral part of any training for law enforcement officials, including judges, prosecutors, police, and other officials whose work brings them in contact with children;

· Press for the protection of vulnerable sub-groups of children, including girls, street children, and children from disadvantaged social groups from discrimination and abuse by peacekeepers, law enforcement officials, and aid workers.