WITHOUT REMEDY:

Human Rights Abuse and Indonesia's Pulp and Paper Industry

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Summary

II. Recommendations

To the Indonesian Government
On land tenure and forestry reform
To Asia Pulp & Paper/Sinar Mas Group Forestry (APP/SMG)
On company security
On land claims and community relations
To Multilateral and Bilateral Donors
To Private Financial Institutions

III. New Order Forestry Policy and the Roots of the Crisis

The Loss of Indonesia's Natural Forests: What's at Stake
New Order Forest Policy
State Security's Stake in the Forest Sector
The Indonesian Pulp and Paper Boom
APP's Increasing Demand for Wood

IV. Missed Opportunities for Reform

After the "Miracle": Bank Restructuring and Forests
APP's Over-production and Debt
"Reform" and The Forest Sector
An Epidemic of Community Protest
Arara Abadi's Private Security Arrangements

V. Human Rights Abuses

Land Seizures and Intimidation by State Security Forces
Protests and Community Action
Mandiangin
Angkasa and Belam Merah
Betung
Company Response: "Peace Treaties" and Payoffs
"Community Development"

VI. The Role and Responsibility of the Indonesian Government: Impunity

The Indonesian Government's Failure to Prosecute
The Roots of Impunity: Corruption
Dysfunctional Courts
Vigilantes and Militias
Incitement and Extortion

VII. Indigenous Land Rights

Indigenous Property Rights and International Law

VIII. The Role and Responsibility of Arara Abadi, APP, and the Sinar Mas Group

Arara Abadi's Company Security
Land Seizures and Joint Ventures
Audits and ISO Certification: No Guaranteed Protection of Rights
The Sustainable Wood Supply Assessment

IX. The Role and Responsibility of the International Financial Community

Multi- and Bilateral Donor Institutions

X. Human Rights and Environmental Degradation

The Widespread Impact of Impunity

MAP A: Logging Concessions, Industrial Plantations, and Estate Crops in Riau Province

MAP B: Riau Province AND LOCATIONS OF ATTACKS ON VILLAGERS

MAP C: Logging Concessions, Industrial Plantations, and Estate Crops in Indonesia

MAP D: Limited Data Survey of Reported Conflicts over Forest Resources, 1997-1999

APPENDIX A: U.S. State Department / U.K. Foreign Affairs Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights

APPENDIX B: the International Labor Organization's Convention No. 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries

Acknowledgements