ERITREA & ETHIOPIA

THE HORN OF AFRICA WAR:

MASS EXPULSIONS AND THE NATIONALITY ISSUE
(June 1998 - April 2002)

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I. SUMMARY

A Deportee's Story
"Expelled-Never to Return"
The War' Staggering Toll
The Deportations
The War and the Question of Nationality
Methodology

II. RECOMMENDATIONS

To the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea:
To the Government of Eritrea:
To the International Community:

III. THE CONFLICT BETWEEN ERITREA AND ETHIOPIA

Background to the Conflict
The War: The Military Confrontation

IV. EXPULSIONS BY ETHIOPIA

Overview of the Expulsion Campaign
Expulsion Campaign Procedures in Urban Areas
Individual Stories
Expulsion Procedures in Rural Areas
Reception of Expellees
Expulsions from Ethiopia After the December 2000 Peace Agreement

V. EXPULSIONS BY ERITREA

The Official Policy Statement
Early Exodus and Expulsions (June 1998-February 1999)
Internment (February 1999-December 2000)
Attacks on Ethiopians
Expulsions After June 2000
Access to Ethiopian POWs and Internees

VI. THE RESPONSES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

The Joint U.S.-Rwandan Peace Plan: May 1998
The Organization of African Unity (OAU)
United Nations
United States
European Union

VII. RELEVANT LEGAL STANDARDS

National Security and Non-Derogation
Discrimination
Arbitrary Deprivation of Nationality
The Norm against Statelessness
Mass Expulsion
The Separation of Families
Due Process and Arbitrary Detention
Torture, Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Conclusions
Human Rights Violations in Eritrea