Everyday Victims:
Civilians in the Burundian War

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1. Summary
   
   
2. Recommendations
   
   To the Government of Burundi
   To the FDD
   To the FNL
   To the African Union and the States Providing Troops to the African Mission in Burundi
   To Regional Leaders and the Mediator
   To the Government of Tanzania
   To Donor Governments
   To the United Nations Security Council
   To the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Special Rapporteur for Burundi
   To the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
   
   
   
3. Background to the War
   
   
4. The Peace Process
   
   Many Actors, Little Leadership
   The Joint Ceasefire Commission (JCC)
   The African Mission in Burundi
   Cantonment
   Demobilization and Recruitment
   Ethnicity and Changing Political Configurations
   Government Repression of Dissent and of the Media
   
   
   
5. Killing of Civilians
   
   Killings at Kabezi
   
   Official Reactions to the Killings at Kabezi
   
   Apparent Reprisal Killings by Government Soldiers
   
   Killings at Ruziba
   Killings at Muyira
   Official Reaction to the Killings at Ruziba and Muyira
   Local Reactions
   
   
   
6. Other Killings and Abuses by Government Soldiers
   
   Killings and Abductions by the FDD and FNL
   
   Civilian Casualties of Violence between FDD and FNL
   Killings and Abuses by the FDD and FNL in the Democratic Republic of Congo 8
   
   
   
7. Rape
   
   Reactions to Accusations of Rape
   
   
   
8. Child Soldiers
   
   
9. Displacement, Pillage, and Interference with Humanitarian Assistance
   
   
10. Banditry
    
    
11. The Return of Refugees from Tanzania
    
    
12. Justice
    
    Provisional Immunity
    The Law Against Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity
    The Rome Treaty
    Judicial Reform
    Military Justice
    Breakthrough in an Important Case of Murder and Corruption
    The Judges’ Strike
    
    
    
13. The International Community
    
    The United Nations
    
    The Security Council
    The U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights
    
    The Implementation Monitoring Commission
    The African Union and the Regional Actors
    Multilateral Donors
    The European Union
    The United States
    
    
    
14. Conclusion
    
    Acknowledgements

December 2003      Vol, No (A)