ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This report is based on a six-week research mission to Spain in October and November 2001, in addition to one week of preliminary research in July 2001. The report was researched and written by Julie Chadbourne, researcher in the Europe and Central Asia Division.

Elizabeth Andersen, executive director of the Europe and Central Asia Division, Julia Hall, counsel to the Europe and Central Asia Division, Wilder Tayler, legal and policy director, and Malcolm Smart, program director, edited the report. Rachael Reilly, director of the Human Rights Watch refugee program, Veronika Leila Szente Goldston, advocacy director for the Europe and Central Asia Division, and Clarisa Bencomo, a researcher with the Children's Rights Division, also reviewed the manuscript. Jean-Paul Marthoz, European press director, reviewed and edited the Spanish language version of this report.

Magdalena Díaz translated the report from English to Spanish and also provided assistance in Spain with oral translations during official meetings as well as assisting in follow-up research. Alex Bensusan also provided critical interpretation and translation assistance during our investigation. Maura Dundon, associate of the Human Rights Watch refugee program, provided initial translation and research assistance. Ani Mason, associate of the Europe and Central Asia Division, provided follow-up research and translations as well as technical and production assistance. Fitzroy Hepkins, Patrick Minges, Rachel Bien, and Leslie Smith also provided technical and production assistance.

This report would not have been possible without the help of the many organizations, migrants, and individuals who shared their knowledge and experiences. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the tremendous contribution of the Colegio de Abogados (Madrid), Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado (CEAR), Médicos sin Fronteras (MSF), the Acoge Network, and the Spanish Red Cross. In this respect, we especially appreciate the assistance of Ignasi Soler of Médicos sin Fronteras, who accompanied us during portions of our research along the Andalucian coast and in Ceuta; José Palazon and María Teresa Echarte Mellado of PRODEIN, who provided invaluable logistical and preliminary research assistance in Melilla; and Sister Paula Domingo Domingo of the Hermanas Carmelitas de Caridad de Vedruna in Ceuta. We would also like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to this research: Kimi Aoki, Francisco Javier Arias Herrera, Mario Arias, Concha Badillo, Raúl Báez, Tomás Bárbulo, Itziar Ruiz Giménez, Rafael González, Estela Gracia, Els van Leemput, Cristina Olmedo, Alicia Rodríguez, José Luis Rodríguez, Blanca Ruiz, Pedro Santana, Pablo Traspas, Wouter van Quickelborne, and Carla Zabaleta. The Hermanos Franciscanos de Cruz Blanca is also greatly appreciated for its efforts to facilitate and inform our research in Ceuta. Mariano Aguirre, director of Centro de Investigación para la Paz (CIP), and Sandra Gil Araujo, investigator for Instituto de Estudios sobre Conflictos y Acción Humanitaria (IECAH), provided advice during the preliminary stages of research and are greatly appreciated for their ongoing support of Human Rights Watch's work in Spain.

Human Rights Watch also wishes to thank the Humans All Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Oak Foundation, and the Third Millennium Foundation for their generous support of this work.

Human Rights Watch

Europe and Central Asia Division

Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world.

We stand with victims and activists to bring offenders to justice, to prevent discrimination, to uphold

political freedom and to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime.

We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable.

We challenge governments and those holding power to end abusive practices and respect international

human rights law.

We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all.

The staff includes Kenneth Roth, executive director; Michele Alexander, development director; Reed Brody, advocacy director; Carroll Bogert, communications director; John T. Green, operations director, Barbara Guglielmo, finance director; Lotte Leicht, Brussels office director; Michael McClintock, deputy program director; Patrick Minges, publications director; Maria Pignataro Nielsen, human resources director; Malcolm Smart, program director; Wilder Tayler, legal and policy director; and Joanna Weschler, United Nations representative. Jonathan Fanton is the chair of the board. Robert L. Bernstein is the founding chair.

Its Europe and Central Asia division was established in 1978 to monitor and promote domestic and

international compliance with the human rights provisions of the 1975 Helsinki Accords. It is affiliated

with the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, which is based in Vienna, Austria. Elizabeth

Andersen is the executive director; Rachel Denber is the deputy director; Veronika Szente Goldston is the advocacy director; Alexander Anderson, Matilda Bogner, Julie Chadbourne, Julia Hall, Bogdan Ivanisevic, Anna Niestat, Darian Pavli, Acacia Shields, and Jonathan Sugden are researchers; Diederik Lohman is the Moscow office director; Alexander Petrov is the Deputy Moscow office Director; Johanna Bjorken, Marie Struthers and Benjamin Ward are consultants; Liudmila Belova, Elizabeth Eagen, Giorgi Gogia, Marianna Idrisova, Emily Letts, Ani Mason, Rebecca Milligan, Dorit Radzin, and Leslie Smith are associates. Peter Osnos is the chair of the advisory committee and Alice Henkin is vice chair.

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