"The bombing was so strong and we were so afraid to leave our homes. We were just like little birds in a cage, with all this noise and destruction going on all around us."

Testimony to Human Rights Watch

II. SUMMARY 

Supplementary Materials Refugees and Migrants: Impact of the September 11 Attacks Photo Gallery Testimony from Afghan Refugees Press Release More on the rights of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers

III. INTRODUCTION

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

To the Government of Iran: 
To the Government of Pakistan: 
To UNHCR : 
To the International Community: 

Generalized Insecurity in the Countryside and on Roads 
Fighting Between Anti-Taliban and Taliban Forces 
Flight from U.S.-Led Bombing Campaign 

VII. REFUGEE PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE IN IRAN 

Background: Governmental Focus on Sending Afghan Refugees Home 
Border Closures and Establishment of Camps inside Afghanistan 
Lack of Registration and Forced Returns from Iran to Afghanistan 
Governmental Attitude towards Refugees 
Iran's International Obligations to Refugees 

Pakistan's Domestic Laws and Policies 
Crossing the Border into Pakistan 
Refugees Seeking to Cross Pakistan's Northwest Border 
Refugees Seeking to Cross Pakistan's Southwest Border 
Problems Stemming from Lack of Legal Status in Pakistan 
Harassment, Extortion, and Imprisonment of Afghan Refugees 
Urban Sweeps and Forced Returns 
Protection Problems in Camps 
Particular Problems Facing Refugee Women 
Particular Problems Facing Refugee Children 
Pakistan's International Obligations to Refugees 

Assistance Improved 
Insecurity in the Tribal Areas 
Relocation Compelled by Lack of Information, Official Pressure and Destitution 
Lack of Unbiased, Politically Neutral Information 
Problematic Push-factors 

XI. A LOOK TOWARDS THE FUTURE 

XII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS