A villager passes by a burned house in Ljuboten. Human Rights Watch researchers counted 22 homes, stores, and sheds burned by Macedonian government forces during their August 10-12, 2001, attack. © Andrew Testa 2001.

A Macedonian National Television (MTV) image showing Minister of the Interior Ljube Boskovski present in the village of Ljuboten on Sunday, August 12, the day the worst abuses were committed by troops under his authority. © Andrew Testa 2001.

A relative weeps over the body of sixty-eight-year-old Muharrem Bairami, who was shot by Macedonian police after being taken out of the basement where he was hiding.

© Andrew Testa 2001.

The body of thirty-one-year-old Sylejman Bairami, who was shot by Macedonian police after being taken out of the basement where he was hiding. © Andrew Testa 2001.

The body of thirty-one-year-old Kadri Jashari, shot by Macedonian police as he fled his father’s burning house. © Andrew Testa 2001.

A brother weeps over the corpse of thirty-three-year-old Bairam Jashari, shot by Macedonian police as he fled the burning house of his father. © Andrew Testa 2001.

The body of twenty-five-year-old Xhelal Bairami, shot by Macedonian police as he fled the burning house of a relative (visible in the background). © Andrew Testa 2001.

Grieving villagers in Ljuboten, following a government attack which killed ten civilians and burned many homes. © Andrew Testa 2001.

Villagers returning to Ljuboten after viewing the bodies of three men shot by Macedonian police as they were fleeing their burning home. © Andrew Testa 2001.