FAMINE IN SUDAN, 1998

APPENDIX A: THE RANKING OF THE COMPLEX SET OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE 1998 FAMINE

Prepared by the SPLM/SRRA-OLS Joint Targeting and Vulnerabilities Task Force in SPLM-controlled Areas of Bahr El Ghazal, Final Report, August 27, 1998 (Nairobi)

Phase 1

February/March

Phase 2

April - May

Phase 3

June - to date

Flight Ban/Limited Access

Flight Clearance but Limited Capacity

Increased capacity but problems continue

1.GOS imposed blanket flight suspension, limited access to airstrips and the delayed clearance of additional C-130 heavy lift cargo aircraft.

1. Lack of Capacity

- Food

- Planes

- Fuel

- Roads

- Staff

-Truck

- non-food items

1. Distribution Systems

- Failure of Targeting

- Some groups marginalized/left out

- Redistribution - even distribution/non needs based.

- Favoritism

2. Poor planning and lack of contingency planning by OLS meant I that t was unable to effectively mitigate the impact of the flight suspension through the use of road access

2. Distribution Systems

- Failure of Targeting

- Some groups marginalized/left out

- Redistribution - even distribution/non needs based.

- Favoritism

2. Contribution/Tayeen

3. Poor roads and a lack of road transporters.

3. Contribution/Tayeen.

3. Under Capacity

- Lack of cargo space for non-food items, support for feeding centers and general ration.

4. Centralization of relief services with clearance of 4 locations (drew large numbers of people to these few sites where they received very little).

4. Looting/banditry/theft.

4. Slow/late reassessment of needs, still causing underestimation of target population

Phase 1

February/March

(Cont.)

Phase 2

April - May

(Cont.)

Phase 3

June - to date

(Cont.)

5. Restricted ability to carry out effective rapid assessment - led to delays in identifying the severity and magnitude of the needs(underestimation of numbers)

5. Lack of assessment (no UNICEF/NGO global nutrition survey and underestimation of population in need).

5. Looting/banditry/theft

6. Banditry/looting/theft.

6. Lack of UNICEF presence on ground to asses and co-ordinate.

7. Lack of UNICEF presence on ground to assess and coordinate.

Other factors that have contributed significantly to all problems at all Phases:

! Disagreement over population figures

! Underestimation of population in need

! Poor communications and coordination between the agencies, SRRA, civil authorities, the community and, the targeted beneficiaries

!

!


Phase 1 February/March	Phase 2 April - May	Phase 3 June - to date
Flight Ban/Limited Access	Flight Clearance but Limited Capacity	Increased capacity but problems continue
1.GOS imposed blanket flight suspension, limited access to airstrips and the delayed clearance of additional C-130 heavy lift cargo aircraft.	1. Lack of Capacity - Food - Planes - Fuel - Roads - Staff -Truck - non-food items	1. Distribution Systems - Failure of Targeting - Some groups marginalized/left out - Redistribution - even distribution/non needs based. - Favoritism
2. Poor planning and lack of contingency planning by OLS meant I that t was unable to effectively mitigate the impact of the flight suspension through the use of road access	2. Distribution Systems - Failure of Targeting - Some groups marginalized/left out - Redistribution - even distribution/non needs based. - Favoritism	2. Contribution/Tayeen
3. Poor roads and a lack of road transporters.	3. Contribution/Tayeen.	3. Under Capacity - Lack of cargo space for non-food items, support for feeding centers and general ration.
4. Centralization of relief services with clearance of 4 locations (drew large numbers of people to these few sites where they received very little).	4. Looting/banditry/theft.	4. Slow/late reassessment of needs, still causing underestimation of target population
Phase 1 February/March (Cont.)	Phase 2 April - May (Cont.)	Phase 3 June - to date (Cont.)
5. Restricted ability to carry out effective rapid assessment - led to delays in identifying the severity and magnitude of the needs(underestimation of numbers)	5. Lack of assessment (no UNICEF/NGO global nutrition survey and underestimation of population in need).	5. Looting/banditry/theft
6. Banditry/looting/theft.	6. Lack of UNICEF presence on ground to asses and co-ordinate.
7. Lack of UNICEF presence on ground to assess and coordinate.
Other factors that have contributed significantly to all problems at all Phases: ! Disagreement over population figures ! Underestimation of population in need ! Poor communications and coordination between the agencies, SRRA, civil authorities, the community and, the targeted beneficiaries ! !