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October 1999

Vol. 11, No. 11(D)

KAZAKHSTAN

FREEDOM OF THE MEDIA AND POLITICAL FREEDOMS  
IN THE PRELUDE TO THE 1999 ELECTIONS

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDATIONS

BACKGROUND
Kazakhstan's Post-Soviet Political Process, 1992-1997
Kazakhstan's Media, 1992-1997

FROM "DEMOCRATIZATION" TO SNAP PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
Restrictions in Criminal and Civil Law Inhibiting Free Speech
Indictment of the Kazakh Media
The Law on National Security
Impugning "Honor and Dignity" Violations
"Inciting National Enmity"
The Press and Media Law
Criminal Libel
State Agencies
Printing Presses and Distribution Services
Customs Police
Tax Police
Formal and Informal Censorship

Violence and Threats

STATE VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHTS TO ASSEMBLE, TO FORM
ORGANIZATIONS, AND TO PARTICIPATE IN POLITICAL LIFE

Human Rights Standards
The Registration of Nongovernmental Organizations
Impeding Public Demonstrations
The Right to Participate in Political Life
Exclusion of Opposition Candidates from the Ballot
Harassment of Opposition Candidates and their Associates
Candidate Registration and Campaigning

THE COMING ELECTIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS