December 1997 Vol. 9, No. 10 (C)
COMMUNAL VIOLENCE IN WEST KALIMANTAN
I. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 2
II. BACKGROUND TO THE CONFLICT 5
The Cultural Argument 6
The Marginalization Argument 8
The Political Manipulation Argument 10
III. THE FIRST PHASE: DECEMBER 29, 1996 TO MID-JANUARY 1997 11
The Stabbing at Sanggau Ledo 12
Questions for an Investigation 17
IV. THE SECOND PHASE: JANUARY 28 TO FEBRUARY 18, 1997 18
The Attack 19
The Attack on Salatiga 21
Singkawang, Samalantan and Bukit Permai 22
Balai Karangan 24
Army Shootings at Sanggau and Anjungan 25
Other Attacks 27
The Death Toll 29
The Displaced 30
Questions for an Investigation 31
V. THE GOVERNMENT RESPONSE: PEACE PACTS AND ARRESTS 32
The Peace Pacts 33
Arrests 34
The Case of Zainuddin Isman 36
VI. CONCLUSION 37