ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Human Rights Watch/Helsinki gratefully acknowledges the help of Oleg Panfilov of the Glasnost Defense Fund in Moscow; and above all the help of local and foreign journalists who gave generously of their time, but who are not named here to protect their identity.

This report was written by John MacLeod and was edited by Holly Cartner, Erika Dailey, Jeri Laber, Michael McClintock and Dinah Pokempner. The report was prepared for publication by Malcolm Hawkes.

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH/HELSINKI

Holly Cartner

Executive Director

Rachel Denber

Moscow Office Director

John MacLeod

Central Asia Office Director

Fred Abrahams

Erika Dailey

Andreas Lommen

I. Maxine Marcus

Christopher Panico

Diane Paul

Marie Struthers

Research Associates

Alexander Petrov

Assistant Moscow Office Director

Liudmila Belova

Malcolm Hawkes

Emily Shaw

Juliet Wilson

Associates

STEERING COMMITTEE

Jonathan Fanton

Chair

Alice H. Henkin

Peter Osnos

Co-Vice Chairs

Morton Abramowitz

Barbara Finberg

Felice Gaer

Michael Gellert

Paul Goble

Bill Green

Stanley Hoffmann

Robert James

Jack Matlock

Herbert Okun

Jane Olson

Barnett Rubin

Leon Sigal

George Soros

Donald Sutherland

Ruti Teitel

William D. Zabel

Warren Zimmermann

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

Kenneth Roth

Executive Director

Michele Alexander

Development Director

Cynthia Brown

Program Director

Barbara Guglielmo

Finance & Administration

Director

Lotte Leicht

Brussels Office Director

Susan Osnos

Communications Director

Wilder Tayler

General Counsel

Joanna Weschler

United Nations

Representative

Robert L. Bernstein

Chair