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Acknowledgements

This report is based on information gathered in the course of missions conducted in South Africa by Alice Brown, Vice-Chair of Africa Watch, and Joanna Weschler, Director of the Prison Project, in 1992; and by Bronwen Manby, a researcher with Africa Watch, in 1993. It was written by Weschler and Manby and edited by Cynthia Brown. Human Rights Watch wishes to thank the following individuals and organizations for their assistance in the course of our research: Prof. János Mihálik; Prof. Dirk Van Zyl Smit; Lawyers for Human Rights; Legal Resource Centre; POPCRU; NICRO; and Mojapelo & Co., Nelspruit.

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Copyright 8 February 1994 by Human Rights Watch

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 93-81326

ISBN 1-56432-126-6

Africa Watch

Africa Watch is a nongovernmental organization established in 1988 to monitor and promote the observance of internationally recognized human rights in Africa. The chair is William Carmichael; the vice-chair is Alice Brown. Abdullahi An-Na'im is executive director; Janet Fleischman is the Washington Representative; Bronwen Manby, Karen Sorenson and Alex Vines are research associates; Kimberly Mazyck and Urmi Shah are Associates.

The Prison Project

The Prison Project, established in 1988, cuts across the five regional divisions of Human Rights Watch to focus on a single issue: prison conditions worldwide. The Prison Project has investigated conditions for sentenced prisoners, pre-trial detainees, and those held in police lockups. It examines prison conditions for all prisoners, not just political prisoners. The work of the Prison Project is guided by the Prison Advisory Committee, whose chair is Herman Schwartz. Other members are Nan Aron, Vivian Berger, Haywood Burns, Alejandro Garro, William Hellerstein, Edward Koren, Sheldon Krantz, The Honorable Morris Lasker, Benjamin Malcolm, Diane Orentlicher, Norman Rosenberg, David Rothman, and Clarence Sundram. The director of the Project is Joanna Weschler. Anthony Levintow is the associate.

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

Human Rights Watch conducts regular, systematic investigations of human rights abuses in some seventy countries around the world. It addresses the human rights practices of governments of all political stripes, of all geopolitical alignments, and of all ethnic and religious persuasions. In internal wars it documents violations by both governments and rebel groups. Human Rights Watch defends freedom of thought and expression, due process and equal protection of the law; it documents and denounces murders, disappearances, torture, arbitrary imprisonment, exile, censorship and other abuses of internationally recognized human rights.

Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of its Helsinki division. Today, it includes five divisions covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Middle East, as well as the signatories of the Helsinki accords. It also includes four collaborative projects on Arms, Free Expression, Prisoners' Rights, and Women's Rights. It now maintains offices in New York, Washington, Los Angeles, London, Moscow, Belgrade, Zagreb and Hong Kong. Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations. It accepts no government funds, directly or indirectly.

The board includes Robert L. Bernstein, chair; Adrian W. DeWind, vice chair; Roland Algrant, Lisa Anderson, Peter D. Bell, Alice L. Brown, William Carmichael, Dorothy Cullman, Irene Diamond, Jonathan Fanton, Alan Finberg, Jack Greenberg, Alice H. Henkin, Stephen L. Kass, Marina Pinto Kaufman, Alexander MacGregor, Peter Osnos, Kathleen Peratis, Bruce Rabb, Orville Schell, Gary G. Sick, and Malcolm Smith.

The staff includes Kenneth Roth, executive director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington director; Gara LaMarche, associate director; Susan Osnos, press director; Ellen Lutz, California director; Jemera Rone, counsel; Richard Dicker, associate counsel; Michal Longfelder, development director; Rachel Weintraub, special events director; Allyson Collins, research associate; and Ham Fish, senior advisor.

The regional directors of Human Rights Watch are Abdullahi An-Na'im, Africa; Juan E. Méndez, Americas; Sidney Jones, Asia; Jeri Laber, Helsinki; and Andrew Whitley, Middle East. The project directors are Kenneth Anderson, Arms Project; Gara LaMarche, Free Expression Project; Joanna Weschler, Prison Project; and Dorothy Q. Thomas, Women's Rights Project.