JNIM fighters shooting at civilians in Zomkalga village, North region, Burkina Faso, on April 22, 2024. That day, JNIM fighters attacked a group of about 2,000 civilians in Zomkalga village, killing at least 30 of them and injuring 25 others. The civilians were returning to Zomkalga after JNIM had forced them to leave two years earlier.
© 2026 John Holmes for Human Rights Watch