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¶;wpj QkSjlsdu

Hkkjr esa ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor CkPpksa ij vR;kpkj
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I. Lkkjka’k

Ng lky dh] f’k’kq’kkyk ¼ds-th +½ esa iM+us okyh vuq dh Vhpj us 2003 esa mls ?kj Hkst fn;k vkSj mldh cM+h cgu dks le>k;k fd oks mlls dg ns ÞÑi;k rqe nksckjk Ldwy er vkukA[1]ßvuq ds ekrk&firk ,M~l ds dkj.k xqt+j pqds FksA rc ls mldk ikyu iks"k.k djus okys mlds nknk us crk;k] ÞVhpj us vuq dks Ldwy ugha vkus fn;k D;kssafd mls yxrk gS fd vuq ,p- vkbZ- oh- ikWft+fVo gSA ’kk;n vkSj cPpksa ds ekrk&firk vkil esa bl ckjs esa ppkZ dj jgs Fks] blfy, Vhpj us dgk fd og Ldwy u vk;sAß mUgkasus dgk fd og Mjrs Fks fd dgha fojks/k djus ij vuq dh cM+h cgu dks Hkh Ldwy ls fudky u fn;k tk;A ,d d+jhc ds futh MkWDVj us Hkh vuq ds ifjokj dks mls vius Dyhfud esa ykus ls euk fd;k ÞD;ksafd vxj mUgksaus ,slk fd;k rks vkSj yksx vkuk can dj nsaxsAß vuq ds pkpk ds vuqlkj bldk dkj.k Fkk ,p- vkbZ- oh-A vuq dh lkB o"khZ; nknh mlss iSny ljdkjh gLirky ys tkrh Fkh] ysfdu vc mruk nwj py dj tkuk muds cl dk ugha FkkA

’kfeZyk] mez nl o"kZ] ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikWft+fVo Fkh vkSj ,M~l ds dkj.k vius ekrk&firk dks [kks pqdh Fkh[2]A pkSFkh d{kk esa gh mlus Ldwy tkuk NksM+ fn;k FkkA Þtc esa Ldwy tkrh Fkh rks lc cPpksa ls vyx] lcls vkf[k+jh VkV&iV~Vh ij cSBrh FkhA fcYdqy vdsyhA vkSj cPps esjs lkFk [ksyuk pkgrs Fks ysfdu Vhpj mUgsa esjs lkFk [ksyus ls euk djrh vkSj dgrh *;s chekjh rqEgsa Hkh yx tk;sxh blfy, mlds lkFk er [ksyks* Þtc ’kfeZyk dks Vh-ch- gqbZ rks mls fu%’kqYd fpfdRlk ikus ds fy, pkj ls ikap ?kaVs dh nwjh ij ,d ljdkjh gLirky tkuk iM+rk FkkA ysfdu gLirky esa ,-vkj-oh- vkS"kf/k;k¡ ugha feyha vkSj mlds LokLF; esa dksbZ lq/kkj ugha gqvkA Tkuojh 2004 esa ’kfeZyk dk fu/ku gks x;kA

tc dUukey vius lHkh cPpksa dh ns[k&Hkky djus esa [kqn dks vleFkZ eglwl djus yxh rks mlus viuh lcls cM+h csVh dks vukFkky; Hkst fn;k[3]A dqqN gh le; ckn irk pyk fd mldk ifr ,p- vkb- oh- dk f’kdkj gSA enn ds fy, fQj ls mlus vukFkky; dk njokt+k [kV[kVk;kA cnys esa mUgksaus mls viuh csVh dh tkap djkus dh jk; nh vkSj fQj tkus dks dgk- - - dkQh gkFk iSj tksM+us ds ckotwn mUgksaus dgk ÞekQ djuk] rqe dksbZ vkSj txg <wa< yks ge bls ;gka ugha j[k ldrsAß mlus crk;k fd mldh csVh dh ,p- vkbZ- oh- tkap fjiksVZ usxsfVo FkhA

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lSdM+ksa Hkkjroklh] ftles de ls de dbZ lkS gt+kj cPps ’kkfey gSa] º;weu bE;wuksMsfQ’;alh ok;jl ¼,p-vkbZ-oh-½@,Dok;MZ bE;wu MsfQ’;alh flaMªkse ¼,M~l½ ds lkFk th jgs gSaA vly esa bl iuirh egkekjh ls xaHkhj #Ik ls izHkkfor vkSj dbZ cPps gSa& ftUgsaa chekj eka&cki dh ns[k&js[k ds fy, etcwju Ldwy NksM+uk iM+rk gS] ftUgsa eka&cki dh txg ?kj dk [kpkZ mBkuk iM+rk gS ] tks nksuks eka&cki ;k fdlh ,d dh e`R;q ij vukFk gks tkrs gSaA

fQj Hkh Hkkjr ljdkj dh ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls tw>us dh fdlh Hkh uhfr esa blls  izHkkfor cPps] ftues ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr cPps Hkh ’kkfey gSa] dgha ut+j ugha vkrsA ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpska dsk f’k{kk ,oa LokLF; lqfo/kkvksa esa Hksn&Hkko rFkk vukFkky;ksa }kjk ns[k&js[k ls bUdkj dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA ,sls dbZ cPps lM+dksa ij <dsys tk jgs gSa rFkk cky&et+nwjh ds cqjs ls cqjs Lo#i ds f’kdkj Hkh gks jgs gSaaA ySafxd Hksn&Hkko ds dkj.k tgka ,d vksj yM+fd;kas dkss ,p-vkbZ-oh- ls izHkkfor gksus dk [k+rjk c<+ tkrk gSS ogha nwljh vksj  mudh ns[k&js[k dh laHkkouk Hkh de gks tkrh gSA vius vki dkss cpkus ds fy, ;k Hksn&Hkko ls tw>us ds fy, cPpksaa dks] [k+klrkSj ij vlqjf{kr cPpksa dks] rFkk mudh ns[k&js[k djus okys yksxksa dks mfpr tkudkjh ugha fey ikrhA ;g fjiksVZ Hkkjr ds ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkj vkSj nqO;Zogkj dks n’kkZrh gS vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj ls mudh bl nqnZ’kk dks igpkuus vkSj le>us rFkk mUgsa Hksn&Hkko vkSj vR;kpkj ls cpkus ds fy, rkRdkfyd dkjZokbZ dh ekax djrh gSA

Hkkjr ds lHkh jkT;ksaa esas ,M~l QSyk gqvk gS vkSj ljdkj ds vuqlkj de ls de Ng jkT; ,sls gSa tgka ,p- vkbZ- oh-@,M~l dk QSsyko ÞgkbZ fjLdß ¼lcls T;knk [krjs ½ ds nk;js esa vkus okys yksxksa ds vykok lkekU; turk rd QSy x;k gSA NksVs cPpksa esa [k+klrkSj l]s lcls tkuk igpkuk lzksr gS xHkZZ ds nkSjku ,p-vkb-oh- dk ikjsf"kr gksuk gkykafd ;kSu laidZ] ;kSu ’kks"k.k] ;kSu fgalk( jDrk/kku( vlqjf{kr lqbZ dk bLrseky( rFkk u’khys inkFkksZ dk bUtsD’ku }kjk lsou Hkh Hkkjr esa cPpksa }kjk ,p-vkb-oh- vf/kxzfgr djus ds vU; dkj.k gSaA ,M~l ls ejus okys vf/kdrj yksx 15 ls 49 o"kZ dh mez esa crk;s tkrs gSa] ,slh mez tc buesa ls cgqr cPps iky jgs gksrs gSaA ,M~l ds dkj.k vukFk gq, cPpksa dh la[;k dk lgh vuqeku miyC/k ugha gSA fQj Hkh dqN vkadM+s crkrs gSa fd 15 o"kZ ls de mez ds 10 yk[k ls Hkh T+;knk cPps ,sls gSa tks ,d ;k fQj nksuks eka&cki dks ,M~l ds dkj.k [kks pqds gSa] vkSj budh la[;k vkSj c<++rh tk jgh gSA

gkykafd Hkkjr dh ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l uhfr cPpksa dks vuns[kk djrh gS dqN ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa us bu ^eklwe ihfM+r^ cPpksa rd igqapus dh t+#jr ij cksyuk ’kq# dj fn;k gSA eka ls f’k’kq rd ikjsf"kr gks jgs ,p-vkbZ-oh- dh jksdFkke ds fy, dqN ljdkjh dk;ZØe ’kq# fd, x, gSa[4]A ysfdu ljdkjh gLr{ksi dk

mu yksxksa ij dsafnzr gksuk ftUgsa ÞgkbZ fjLdß ¼lcls T;knk [k+rjs esa½ ekuk x;k gS] uSfrd /kkj.kk,¡ vkSj turk dh le>] cPpksa dh fLFkfr dks Nqik nsrs gSaA

,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l dh jksdFkke dk ,d vge igyw gS ekuokf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kkA ljdkjh vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; vuqnku ls pyk;s tk jgs jksdFkke ds dk;Zdze o;Ldksa dks viuk y{; cukrs gSa] tSls oS’;ko`fÙk esa dk;Zjr yksx] Vªd&Mªkboj vkSj u’khys inkFkksZa dk lsou djus okys yksxA ysfdu ljdkj mUgha ds ekuokf/kdkjksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus esa vleFkZ jgh gS ftUgsa ÞgkbZ fjLdß ¼lcls T;knk [k+rjs esa½ ekurh gS&ftlesa oS’;ko`fÙk esa dk;Zjr yksx rFkk iq#"k ds lkFk ;kSu laca/k j[kus okys gh iq#"k Hkh ’kkfey gSa[5]A dqN ljdkjh deZpkjh bl ckr ls Hkh badkj djrs gSa fd cPps ,slh xfrfof/k;ksa esa lafyIr jgrs gSa tks mUgsa ,p-vkbZ-oh@,M~l ls ladzfer gksus ds [k+rjs esa Mkyrh gSaA bl ckr dks Hkh ut+jvankt+ ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ftu cPpksa dks ,p-vkbZ-oh- dk [k+rjk T+;knk g]S tSls fd lM+d ds cPps] mUgsa eklwe ihfM+r cPps u ekudj o;Ldksa dh rjg *cqjs O;ogkj ds fy, nks"kh Bgjk;k tkrk gS*A ljdkj us ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr vkSj izHkkfor cPpkssa dh okLrfod la[;k tkuus dh fn’kk esa de iz;kl fd;k gS] vkSj jkT; deZpkfj;ksa us º;weu jkbV~l okWp dks vius jkT;ksa esa ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr cPpksa dh la[;k dks de djds crk;k gSA ;g la[;k ,df=r djus ds rjhd+s vYifodflr #i esa gSaA

,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr cPpksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj us dqN Bksl ugha fd;k gS vkSj izHkkfor cPpksa dh c<+rh gqbZ la[;k dks Hkh ut+jvankt+ dj jgh gSA bu cPpksa dks Ldwyksa esa] LokLF; lqfo/kkvksa esa] vukFkky;ksas esa] vkl iM+ksl vkSj vius gh ?kjksa esa Hksn&Hkko dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ljdkjh vkSj futh MkWDVj ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls ihfM+r cPpksa dk bykt djus ls vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks mUgsa Nwus ls Hkh badkj djrs gSaA Hksn&Hkko] Hkz"Vkpkj rFkk fuf"Ø; gksrh lkoZtfud LokLF; iz.kkyh ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr dbZ cPpksa dks fpfdRlk dh izkjafHkd lqfo/kkvksa ls Hkh oafpr j[krk gSA ,p-vkbZ-oh- ds fy, cPpksa dk bykt u gksuk vkSj Ldwy rFkk lekt esa muds lkFk Hksn&Hkko] gksus ds chp lh/kk laca/k gSA nnZ vkSj foÑfr >syus ds vykok fcuk bykt ds bu cPpska ds chekj fn[kus dh laaHkkouk vf/kd gksrh gS ftlds dkj.k f’k{kd] lgikBh vkSj vU; cPpksa ds ekrk&firk ds eu esa -muds ,p-vkbZ-oh ikWft+fVo gksus dk lansg c<+ tkrk gSA mu cPpksa dks Ldwy ls fudky fn;k tkrk gS ;k vyx&Fkyx dj fn;k tkrk gS] ftuds ekrk&firk ,p-vkbZ-oh ikWft+fVo gSaA Hksn&Hkko ds Mj ls yksx ,slk dqN ugha djrs ftlls muds ,p-vkbZ-oh ikWft+fVo gksus dh igpku gksrh gks tSls& ,p-vkbZ-oh dh tkap djkuk] bykt djokuk] lgk;rk ysuk] vkSj viuh rFkk nwljksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, vU; d+ne mBkukA

Hksn&Hkko ds pan fdLlkssa dk izHkko foLr`r :Ik ls grksRlkfgr dj nsrk gSA mu cPpksa dh osnuk vkSj ihM+k c<+ tkrh gS tks igys ls gh Hksn&Hkko ds f’kdkj gSa] tSls fd oS’;ko`fÙk esa dk;Zjr cPps] oS’;kvksa ds cPps] nfyr vkSj vU; fiNM+h tkfr;ksa vksSj oxZ ds cPps ftUgsa vNwr ekuk tkrk gSA efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dk ;kSu ’kks"k.k] muds f[k+ykQ ;kSu fgalk vkSj lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh lekt esa mudh v/khurk ds dkj.k muesa ,p-vkbZ- oh dk [k+rjk c<+ tkrk gSA ,M~l ls xzLr ijUrq fQj Hkh ifjokj esas fpfdRlk izkIr djus okyks esa vDlj ;g vkf[k+jh gksrh gSaA ?kj ds fdlh chekj lnL; dh ns[k&Hkky ;k ?kjsyw dke dkt ds fy, yM+fd;ksa dh Ldwy NqM+kus dh laHkkouk vf/kd jgrh gSA Ldwy tkus okys cPpksa dks] fo"ks’k #Ik ls yM+fd;ksa dks] ,p-vkbZ-oh- dk [+krjk de gksrk gS vxj Ldwy  esa lqjf{kr okrkoj.k gks vkSj fgalk vkSj ’kks"k.k ls cps jgsaA

gkykafd dqN jk"Vªh; Lrj ds ljdkjh vf/kdkjh cPpksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko dks ,d leL;k ekurs gSa] vf/kdrj vf/kdkjh bl ckr ls badkj djrs gSa fd cPpksa dks f’k{kk vkSj LokLF; lqfo/kkvksa ls oafpr j[kk tk jgk gSA dsjy vkSj vka/kz izns’k tSls dqN jkT;ksa us Ldwy esa ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr cPpksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko dks [k+Re djus ds fy, mfpr uhfr;ka viukbZ gSaA ;g uhfr;ka ,d iz’kaluh; d+ne gSa] ijUrq bUgsa vHkh rd ykxw ugha fd;k x;k gSA vkSj oSls Hkh ;g uhfr;ka ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr O;fDr;ksa dh f’{kk] LokLF;] jkst+xkj] vkSj vU; {ks=ksa esa lqj{kk dk izfr/ku ugha gks ldrhA Hkkjr ljdkj dks ,p-vkbZ- oh- ds dkj.k gks jgs Hksn++++++&Hkko dks x+Sj&d+kuwuh d+jkj dj nsuk pkfg,] Hksn++++++&Hkko ls ihfM+r O;fDr;ksa ds fy, jkgr ds izko/kku miyC/k djkus pkfg,] mYya?ku ds fy, n.M nsuk pkfg,A Hksn++++++&Hkko rFkk mldh jksdFkke esa ukdke;kc gksus ij ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh ft+Eesnkj Bgjkuk gksxkA ftl le; ;g fjiksVZ fy[kh tk jgh Fkh ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr O;fDr;ksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko ij ,d jk"Vªh; d+kuwu dk izk#Ik rS;kj fd;k tk jgk FkkA

u dsoy ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l dks mu yksxksa ls tksM+k tkrk gS ftUgssa lekt dyafdr ekurk gS] cfYd blls xzLr yksxksa vkSj cPpksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko dk ,d dkj.k lc rjQ QSyh gqbZ ;g /kkj.kk Hkh gS fd ,p-vkbZ-oh- fdlh Hkh lkekU; Li’kZ ls QSy ldrk gSA ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko ls tw>us ds fy, vkSj ,p-vkbZ-oh- ds QSyko ds jksdFkke ds fy, bl chekjh ds ikjs"k.k dks ysdj lgh vkSj iwjh tkudkjh vko’;d gSA vius cpko vkSj j[k j[kko ds fy, mez ds vuqlkj mfpr tkudkjh izkIr gksuk cPpksa vkSj o;Ldksa dk vf/kdkj gSA ijUrq vf/kdrj jkT; cPpksa dks ;g tkudkjh nsus esa fdlh u fdlh #Ik ls vleFkZ jgs gSaA Hkkjr esa ukdks rFkk ;wfulsQ ds vuqlkj vk/ks ls Hkh de ek/;fed fo|ky; ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lEcaf/kr f’k{kk iznku djrs gSaA gkykafd vka/kz izns’k vkSj rfeyukMw ckdh jkT;ksa ds cuLir ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l dh f’k{kk iznku djus esa d+kQh vkxs fudy pqds gSa] vU; laLFkkvksa }kjk fd;k x;k ’kks/k ;s loky mBkrs gSa fd D;k ikB~;Øe okLro esa cPpksa dks vius cpko gsrq O;kogkfjd tkudkjh iznku djrk gS\ blds vykok ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l dh tkudkjh vkSj f’k{kk vkBoha d{kk esa ;k mlds ckn gh miyC/k djkbZ tkrh gSA rc rd Hkkjr ds vf/kdrj cPps] [k+kl r+kSj ij yM+fd;k¡] Ldwy NksM+ pqdh gksrh gSa vkSj bl rjg lcls x+jhc vkSj det+ksj oxZ ds cPpksa dks ,p-vkbZ- oh- ls cpus vkSj lqj{kk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsus dk volj [kks tkrk gSA vkSipkfjd f’k{kk ds nk;js ds ckgj ljdkj mu yk[kksa cPpksa dks tkudkjh miyC/k djkus esa vleFkZ gS tks Ldwy esa ugha cfYd lM+dksa ij] dke ij] laLFkkxr ns[k&js[k esa] vukSipkfjd f’k{kk dsUnzksa esa] ;k vius ?kjksa esa gSaA lcls vlqjf{kr vkSj det+ksj cPpksa rd ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr lqj{kk tkudkjh igqapus dh laHkkouk lcls de gSA rfeyukM~ tSlh dqN gh ljdkjksa us vke turk dks tkx#d vkSj f’kf{kr djus ds fy, dqN dk;ZØe pyk;s gSaA vf/kdrj f’k{kd] MkWDVj] ljdkjh vf/kdkjh vkSj vke turk ds ikl vkt Hkh ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr ewy tkudkjh ugha gSA blds vykok dqN tkx#drk lacaf/kr dk;ZØeksa dh jpuk esa gh =qfV;ka gSa tSls fd Kku nsus ds ctk; Mj QSykus okys lans’k] ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikjs"k.k ,oa lqj{kk gsrq lgh vkSj iwjh tkudkjh dk vkHkko] vkSj ÞgkbZ fjLdß ¼lcls T+;knk [k+rjs esa½ ekus tkus okys yksxksa ds izfr ghu Hkkouk dks c<+kok nsukA

ljdkj ds badkj djus ds ckotwn] Lo;a lsoh laLFkkvksa dk nkok gS fd ,M~l ds dkj.k c<+rh gqbZ la[;k esa cPpksa dks ljdkjh ns[k&js[k vkSj lqj{kk dh t+#jr gSA ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikWft+fVo ekrk&firk vkSj vfHkHkkodksa ds izfr Hksssssn&Hkko] rFkk efgykvksa ds izfr jkst+xkj] fojklr vkSj laifÙk vf/kdkj esa Hksn&Hkko ds dkj.k cPpksa ds Ldwy dh Qhl] LokLF; ,oaa f’k{kk lacaf/kr [kpZ] [kku&iku rFkk vU; t+#jrsa iwjh djuk eqf’dy gks tkrk gSA fpfdRlk lacaf/kr [kpZ vkSj ,M~l ds dkj.k ifjokj dk [kpZ mBkus okys O;fDr;ksa dks [kks nsus ls ,M~l ls izHkkfor ifjokjksa dks Hksn&Hkko ds lkFk vkfFkZd foink dk Hkh lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa dks vfuok;Z fpfdRlk miyC/k djkus esa ljdkj dh vlQyrk yksxksa dks futh MkWDVjksa ds ikl tkus dks etcwj dj nsrh gS vkSj ftuds ikl iSlk ugha gS mUgsa fcuk bykt ds gh thuk iM+rk gSA ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa dh ns[k&js[k esa tqVs ifjokjksa ds fy, cPpksa dh Ldwy dh Qhl vkSj vU; [kpsZ mBkuk nqyZHk gks tkrk gS ftlls dbZ cPpksa dks Ldwy NksM+uk iM+rk gSA ijaijkxr] la;qDr ,oa foLr`r ifjokj vukFk cPpksa dk ;k vU; :Ik ls ykpkj cPpksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k djrs vk;s gSaA

ijUrq ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr x+yr tkudkjh vkSj /kkj.kk;sa rFkk Mj ds dkj.k dqN ifjokj mu cPpkas dks Lohdkj ugha djrs tks ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikWft+fVo gSa ;k ftuds ekrk&firk ,M~l ls ej pqds gSaA vU; ifjokjksa ds fy, ;s vkfFkZd cks> cu tkrs gSaA dqN ,p-vkbZ- oh- ikWft+fVo ekrk&firk ;g le>dj vius cPpksa dks fdlh vkSj dks ns nsrs gSa fd lkekU; Li’kZ ;k laidZ ls mUgsa ;s chekjh u yx tk,A mu cPpksa dks Hkh ljdkj dh lqj{kk vkSj ns[k&Hkky dh t+:jr gS ftuds ekrk&firk Lo;a vleFkZ gSa vkSj tks la;qDr rFkk foLr`r ifjokj dh ns[k&js[k esa gSaA ftu cPpksa dks ljdkj dh lqj{kk vkSj ns[k&Hkky miyC/k ugha gksrh muds fy, f’k{kk ls oafpr jgus dh laHkkouk] lM+d ij vk tkus dh laHkkouk] cky&et+nwjh ds cqjs ls cqjs :Ik eas <dsys tkus dh laHkkouk] ;k vU; ’kks"k.k dh laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gS] ftlls ,p-vkbZ-oh-ds laidZ esa vkus dk [+krjk Hkh c<+ tkrk gSA

ftu cPpksa ds ifjokj mudh ns[k&js[k vkSj ikyu&iks"k.k ugha dj ldrs muds fy, ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksaa vkSj uhfr ds vuqlkj ,dek= vkukFkky; ;k laLFkkxr ns[k&js[k gh jg tkrk gSA laLFkkxr ns[k&js[k ls cPpksa dks tks gkfu ig¡p ldrh gS mldk foLrkjiwoZd o.kZu miyC/k gSA dqN cPpksa ds fy, ’kk;n vYidkfyd laLFkkxr ns[k&js[k ,d mik; gks] ijUrq ;s vkf[k+jh jkLrk ugha gksuk pkfg, vkSj cPpksa dh Ik;kZIr ns[k&Hkky vkSj ikyu&iks"k.k dk vk/kkj mudh csgrjh gksuk pkfg,A gkykafd Hkkjr ds d+kuwu esa cky& iks"k.k ¼QkSLVj ds;j½ dk izko/kku gS] vf/kdrj vf/kdkfj;ksa dk ;g ekuuk gS fd vkukFkky;ksa vkSj vU; laLFkkvksa esa miyC/k ns[k&js[k gh ,M~l ds dkj.k vukFk gks jgs cPpksa dh c<+rh la[;k ds fy, Ik;kZIr mik; gSA ljdkj dks cky&iks"k.k vkSj lkekftd ns[k&js[k tSls laLFkkxr ns[k& js[k ds vU; fodYiksa dks ykxw djus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A

dbZ vukFkky; vkSj vkoklh; laaaLFkk;sa  ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikWft+fVo cPpksa dks ugha ysrsA ;g lkQ n’kkZrk gS fd ljdkj dh ns[k&js[k esa vk;s ,p-vkbZ- oh- ikWft+fVo cPpksa dks t+#jh lqfo/kk;sa ugha fey ikrhaA ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa us º;weu jkbV~l okWp dks crk;k fd os ljdkj dh ns[k&js[k esa iy jgs cPpksa dks ,p-vkbZ- oh-@,M~l dh tkudkjh vkSj f’k{kk miyC/k ugha djkrs ftlls mudh vkSj nwljksa dh lqj{kk gks ldsA

fnlEcj 2003 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us ;g ,Syku fd;k fd 1 vizSy 2004 ls Ng [k+rjs ds nk;js es vk;s jkT;ksa esa 100]000 cPpksa] ekrkvksa vkSj vU; yksxksa dks ,-vkj-oh- ¼,sUVh jsVªksok;jy½ mipkj miyC/k djk;k tk;sxkA ;g fjiksVZ fy[krs le; NksVh la[;k esa ;g mipkj dqN bykdksa esa ,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa dks feyuk ’kq# gks x;k FkkA º;weu jkbV~l okWp bl d+ne dk Lokxr djrk gSA ,-vkj-oh- vkS"kf/k;kssaa ds vykok ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa dks vfuok;Z fpfdRlk vkSj LokLF; lsokvksa dh t+#jr gS ftls Hkkjr dh lkoZtfud LokLF; iz.kkyh yksxksa rd igqapkus esa [k+kl rkSj ls x+jhc vkSj fiNM+s oxZ ds yksxksa rd igqapkus esa vleFkZ jgh gSA ;g ns[kuk t+#jh gS fd ,-vkj-oh- dk;ZØe ds rgr mu yksxksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko u gks tks igys ls gh Hksn&Hkko ds f’kdkj gSa tSls fd oS’;ko`fÙk eas dk;Zjr efgyk,a vkSj cPps] oS’;kvksa ds cPps% lkFk gh /;ku j[kuk gksxk fd tk¡p vkSj bykt ds le; muds ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikWft+fVo gksus dh fLFkfr dks xqIr j[kk tk;s vU;Fkk Hksn&Hkko dh iwjh laHkkouk gksxhA bl dk;ZØe dh lQyrk ij gh vkSj yksx tkap ds fy, vkxs vk,axs] mUgsa viuh fLFkfr dh lgh tkudkjh fey ik;sxh vkSj mudk bykt gks ik;sxk% lkFk gh dbZ vkSj ikWft+fVo cPpksa dks lekt Ldwy] LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj vukFkky;ksa esa txg fey ik;sxhA blfy, ;g t+#jh gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa vkSj cPpksas ds izfr Hksn&Hkko ls mUgsa cpk;s vkSj blds fy, lkssp le>dj Bksl d+ne mBk;sA

Hkkjr ljdkj ds fy, º;weu jkbV~l okWp ds dqN lq>ko bl izdkj gSa%

·       Hkkjr esa dgha Hkh ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa ds izfr gks jgs Hksn&Hkko dks xS+j d+kuwuh Bgjk;k tk,A jk"Vªh; d+kuwu viuk;k tk; vkSj ykxw fd;k tk, tks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa ds vkSj muds ifjokjksa ds izfr LokLF; lqfo/kkvksa esa] Ldwyksa esa] jkst+xkj ds LFkkuksa ij vkSj vU; laLFkkuksa esa gks jgs Hksn&Hkko dks jksds vkSj n.Muh; vijk/k ekusA ukdks vkSj jkT;ksa esa LFkkfir ,M~l dUVªksy lkslk,Vh ij gh dsoy fuHkZj u jgdj lHkh ljdkjh foHkkxksa dks vius&vius dk;Z {ks=ksa esa bl rjg ds Hksn&Hkko ls tw>us ds fy, lfØ; dne mBkus gksaxsA

·       ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr cPpkssaa dks fcuk fdlh Hksn&Hkko ds fpfdRlk ,oa LokLF; lsok] ,-vkj-oh lesr] lqfuf’pr djkbZ tk, vkSj mudh ns[k&js[k esa lHkh #dkoVksa dks gVk;k tk,A

·       ftu cPpksa ds ekrk& firk mudh ns[k&js[k vkSj ikyu&iks"k.k djus esa vleFkZ jgrs gSa mu cPpksa dh lqj{kk gsrq dk;Z ;kstuk cukbZ tk, vkSj laLFkkxr ns[k&js[k ds fodYiksa dks fodflr fd;k tk,A lkFk gh laLFkkxr ns[k&js[k esa iy jgs ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa ds izzfr Hksn&Hkko dks jksdk tk, vkSj mudh Ik;kZIr ns[k&js[k lqfuf’pr dh tk,A

·       lHkh cPpksa dks] tks Ldwy esa gSa vkSj tks Ldwyh O;oLFkk ds ckgj gSa] ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr  lgh vkSj laiw.kZ tkudkjh miyC/k djkbZ tk,A

·       ySafxd Hksn&Hkko dks izpfyr j[kus okyh izFkkvksa vkSj d+kuwuksa dks lacksf/kr fd;k tk,] tSls&jkst+xkj] rykd+] fojklr vkSj laifÙk d+kuwuksa esa ySafxd Hksn&Hkko rFkk lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh yM+fd;ksa ds izfr f’k{kk ,oa LokLF; esa Hksn&Hkko dh izFkk,¡] ftuds dkj.k ,p-vkbZ-oh- ds lanHkZ esa Hkh mUgsa [k+rjk c<+ tkrk gS vkSj vius cPpksa dh ns[k&Hkky djus dh mudh ;ksX;rk ij Hkh izHkko iM+rk gSSA

vU; lq>ko foLr`r :Ik ls bl fjiksVZ ds var esa layXu gSaA

Hkkjr dbZ ,sls varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrksa dk Ik{k/kj gS tks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr vkSj izHkkfor cPpksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko dks fuf"k) djrs gSa vkSj lnL; ns’kksa dks buds cpko vkSj lqj{kk gsrq ldkjkRed d+ne mBkus ds fy, ck/; djrs gSaA ;s le>kSrs f’k{kk vkSj LokLF; ds mPpre ;ksX; Lrj dk vf/kdkj Hkh LFkkfir djrs gSaA la;qDr jk"Vª cky vf/kdkj le>kSrs dh O;k[;k djus okyh lfefr us ÞizHkkfor cPpksa dks f’k{kk] fojklr] vkJ;] LokLF; ,oa fpfdRlk vkSj lkekftd lqfo/kk;sa lqfuf’pr djkus ds fy, mUgsa d+kuwuh] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk iznku djus dh t+#jrß ij t+ksj fn;k gSA ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ds dkj.k vukFk gq, cPpksa ds fy, lfefr fVIi.kh djrh gS fd lHkh lnL; ns’kksa dks lgk;rk miyC/k djkuh pkfg, Þrkfd vf/kd ls vf/kd] tgka rd laHko gks lds] cPps fo|eku ikfjokfjd <kaps esa gh jgsaß vkSj ;fn ;g laHko ugha Þtgka rd gks lds] ns[k&js[k vkSj ikyu&iks"k.k ds ikfjokfjd fodYi miyC/k djkus pkfg,ß vkSj Þfdlh Hkh izdkj dh laLFkkxr ns[k&js[k dk lgkjk lcls vafre d+ne gksuk pkfg,ßA

º;weu jkbV~l okWp us bl fjiksVz ds fy, Hkkjr esa uoEcj rFkk fnlEcj 2003 esa ’kks/k fd;k vkSj fQj U;w;kdZ ls bUVjusV] VsyhQksu vkSj bZ&esy ds t+fj;s dke fd;kA [+kkst vkSj vUos"k.k ds nkSjku 170 ls T+;knk yksxksa ls ckrphr dh ftlesa 51 cPps Fks vkSj lkFk esa ekrk&firk] nknk&nknh ;k vU; vfHkHkkod( lykgdkj( lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ( odhy( vkUnksyudkjh( la;qDr jk"Vª ds deZpkjh( vkSj ft+yk] jkT; rFkk jk"Vªh; Lrj ds ljdkjh vf/kdkjh Hkh ’kkfey FksA vf/kdrj yksxksa ls O;fDrxr lk{kkRdkj gqvk ijUrq dqN yksxksa ls] mudh bPNkuqlkj] lewg esa ckrphr gqbZA NksVs cPpksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh mu yksxksa ls yh xbZ tks izR;{k tkudkj Fks] fo’ks"kdj rc tc cPpksa dks vius ;k vius ekrk&firk dk ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikWft+fVo gksus dk Kku ugha FkkA

flok, blds tgka ladsr fn;k x;k gS] cPpksa ds O;fDrxr thou dh lqj{kk vkSj muds izfr Hksn&Hkko dks jksdus ds fy, mudk uke cny fn;k x;k gSA buds vykok dqN ljdkjh vf/kdkjh vkSj cky vf/kdkj fo’ks"kKksa ds fuosnu ds vuqlkj muds uke dks xqIr j[kk x;k gSA

’kks/k dk;Z dsjy] egkjk"Vª] rfeyukM~ vkSj fnYyh ds ’kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fd;k x;kA geus vkU/kzizns’k ds ljdkjh vf/kdkjh vkSj lekt lsfo;ksa ls Hkh ckrphr dh vkSj ckd+h jkT;ksa ls Hkh izkIr tkudkjh ,df=r dhA bu {ks=ksa vkSj jkT;ksa dk pquko fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa ij fuHkZj Fkk%

·       vkSipkfjd #Ik ls ;g ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l izpyu ds mPp ;k vkSlr nj esa vkrs gSa(

·       izkjafHkd tkudkjh ds vuqlkj bu {ks=ksa esa cPpksa dk ’kks"k.k gksrk jgk gS(

·       ;fn ;gka dksbZ ldkjkRed d+ne mBk;s x, gSa rks og vU; jkT;ksa ds fy, mnkgj.k cu ldrs gaSA

blls ;g vuqeku yxkuk x+yr gksxk fd dsoy bUgha {ks=ksa esa cPpksa dk ’kks"k.k gksrk gSA bl rjg dk ’kks/k dk;Z vU; jkT;ksa vkSj {ks=ksa esa Hkh fd;k tkuk pkfg,] fo’ks"kdj ogk¡ tgk¡ bl chekjh ds ckjs esa cgqr de tkudkjh gS] tSls fd mŸkj izns’k] vkSj mŸkj Hkkjr ds mu jkT;ksa esa tgk¡ lkoZtfud LokLF; iz.kkyh vkSj ,p-vkbZ-oh- fujh{k.k det+ksj gSaaaaA ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksx Hkkjr ds lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj {ks=ksa esa jg jgs gSa vkSj bl fjiksVZ esa n’kkZ;s x;s ekuokf/kdkjksa ds guu dk iwjs ns’k esa rkRdkfyd lek/kku t+#jh gSA

bl fjiksVZ esa cky vf/kdkj le>kSrs ls esy j[krs gq, 18 o"kZ ls de mez ds yksxksa dks cPpk ekuk x;k gS[6]A

V. lq>ko

Hksn&Hkko lacaf/kr lq>ko

·       Hkkjr ljdkj ,slk jk"Vªh; d+kuwu viuk;s vkSj ykxw djs tks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa ds izfr vkSj muds ifjokj ds izfr LokLF; lqfo/kkvksa esa] Ldwyksa esa] jkst+xkj esa] rFkk vU; laLFkkuksa esa Hksn&Hkko dks fuf"k) djsA Hksn&Hkko ls cpko vkSj lqj{kk ds varxZr ihfM+r vkSj muds vfHkHkkodksa }kjk f’kdk;r ntZ djus rFkk rRdkfyd jkgr iznku djus dh O;oLFkk vkSj izfØ;k Hkh ’kkfey gksuh pkfg,( vkSj bUgsa lkoZtfud #Ik ls lapkfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

·       ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr rFkk izHkkfor cPpksa ds izfr f’k{kk] LokLF; vkSj ns[k&Hkky esa Hksn&Hkko dh jksdFkke vkSj lek/kku gsrq jkT;ksa dks ukdks }kjk fof’k"V usr`Ro rFkk ekxZn’kZu iznku fd;k tkuk pkfg,%

§         ukdks }kjk jkT;ksa dks lqj{kk gsrq rd+uhdh lgk;rk iznku djkbZ tkuh pkfg, rFkk Hksn&Hkko ds ekeyksa esa lh/kk gLr{ksi gksuk pkfg,(

§         ukdks ds funsZ’kd dks lkoZtfud :Ik ls ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa ds vf/kdkjksa dks vfHkO;Dr djuk pkfg,] fo’ks"kdj muds izfr f’k{kk] LokLF; vkSj ns[k&Hkky rFkk ikyu&iks"k.k esa gks jgs Hksn&Hkko ij cksyuk pkfg,(

§         ukdks dks jk"Vªh; ,M~l fuokj.k vkSj fu;a=.k uhfr ds rhljs pj.k esas ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa dh f’k{kk] LokLF;] ns[k&Hkky vkSj ikyu&iks"k.k ds fy, izko/kku ’kkfey djus pkfg,A

·       lHkh jk"Vªh; vkSj jkT; ljdkjh foHkkxksa dks] ftuesa f’k{kk] LokLF; vkSj cky lqj{kk lacaf/kr foHkkx Hkh ’kkfey gSas] ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr rFkk izHkkfor yksxksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko ij ukdks ds funsZ’kksa dks ykxw djus ds fy, Bksl d+ne mBkus pkfg,A Hksn&Hkko ds ekeyksa ij lHkh foHkkxksa dks ut+j j[kuh pkfg, vkSj rqjar dk;Zokgh djuh pkfg,A fo’ks"kdj%

§         f’k{kk ea=ky; vkSj jkT;ksa esa f’k{kk foHkkx dks lqfuf’pr djuk pkfg, fd cPPkksa dh ;k muds ifjokj esa fdlh vkSj dh ,p-vkbZ-oh dh fLFkfr ds dkj.k mUgsa Ldwy ls u fudkyk tk,] ;k Ldwy esa Hksn&Hkko dk f’kdkj u gksuk iM+sA Ldwyksa dks ,sls funsZ’k nsus pkfg, ftlls Hksn&Hkko gksus ls igys gh mldh jksdFkke gks lds] gj O;fDrxr ekeys ij izfrfØ;k gks rFkk ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikWft+fVo cPPkksa ds ukekadu dks ysdj ,slh vkpkj lafgrk dh LFkkiuk gks ftlls mudh fLFkfr xqIr j[kh tk lds] ekrk&firk ;k vfHkHkkodkas dh ijs’kkfu;ksa dks lacksf/kr fd;k tk, vkSj cPPkksa dh fo’ks"k t+#jrksa dk lek;kstu gks ldsA bu funsZ’kksa ds ikyu ij jkT;ksa dks ut+j j[kuh pkfg, vkSj ljdkjh lgk;rk izkIr futh Ldwyksa ij rFkk vU; Ldwyksa ij ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj ls yk;lsal izkIr gS] bu funsZ’kksa ds ikyu ds fy, t+ksj Mkyuk pkfg,A

§         LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky; vkSj jkT;ksa esa LokLF; foHkkx dks] varjkZ"Vªh; vuqnku nsus okyksa dh lgk;rk ds lkFk] ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr cPPkksa ds fy, ,-vkj-oh- mipkj lesr LokLF; fpfdRlk] lqfuf’pr djkuh pkfg, vkSj blls tqM+h ck/kkvksa dks gVkus ds fy, lHkh laHko lk/kuksa dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A fo’ks"kdj mUgsa ljdkjh gLirkyksa esa ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko dks fuf"k) djuk pkfg,] LokLF; lqfo/kkvksa dk mi;ksx dj jgs yksxksa dh ,p- vkbZ-oh- fLFkfr dks xqIr j[kus ds fy, funZs’k tkjh djus pkfg, vkSj futh {ks= dks fu;fer djus gsrq csgrj mik; <¡w<us pkfg,A LokLF; deZpkfj;ksa dks gLirkyksa ls gks jgs ,p-vkbZ-oh-  ikjs"k.k ls cpko ds fy, lk/ku miyC/k djk;s tkus pkfg,] ftlesa lqjf{kr diM+s rFkk ikssLV ,Dlikstj izksfQySfDll ’kkfey gSA ljdkj ds ,-vkj-oh- vkS"kf/k dk;ZØe ds fØ;kUo;u ds rgr ;g lqfuf’pr fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd lqfo/kk;sa miyC/k djkrs le; yksxksa dh ,p-vkbZ-oh- fLFkfr dh xksiuh;rk cuk, j[kh tk, rFkk dk;ZØe dks det+ksj cPpksa rd igqapk;k tk,] tSls lM+d ds cPps] vukFkky;ksa vkSj vU; vkJ; x`gksa esa iy jgs cPps] nfyr vkSj fiNM+s oxZ ds cPpsA

§         lkekftd U;k; ,oa vf/kdkfjrk ea=ky; vkSj jkT;ksa esa blds izfr:Ik vukFkky;ksa vkSj vU; laLFkkuksa dks ykblsal nsrs le; lqfuf’pr dj ysa fd os Hksn&Hkko ds f[k+ykQ uhfr;ksa dk ikyu djsaxs vkSj mudh ns[k&js[k esa iy jgs cPpksa dks mez ds vuqlkj ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l dh tkudkjh iznku djsaxsA

§         ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; ds efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx dks ,dhd`r cky fodkl lqfo/kk;sa miyC/k djk jgh laLFkkvksasa esa ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko dks fuf"k) djuk pkfg,A lkFk gh bu laLFkkvksasa }kjk efgykvksa ,oa yM+fd;ksa dks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l vkSj muds vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh miyC/k djkus dh laHkkouk dk vUos"k.k djuk pkfg,A

·       Hkkjr ljdkj dks O;kolkf;d la?k vkSj ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l fo’ks"kKksa ds ijLij lg;ksx ds lkFk f’k{kd] LokLF; deZpkjh] odhy] lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ] ljdkjh vf/kdkjh] cPpksa dh ns[k&Hkky dj jgs vU; O;fDr vkSj bu O;olk;kssa ls tqM+s fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l izf’k{k.k dk;ZØe dks O;kid cukuk pkfg,A ljdkj dks lqqfuf’pr djuk pkfg, fd bu dk;ZØeksa }kjk ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l] ySafxd vlekurk ¼ftlds dkj.k efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa esa ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikjs"k.k dk [+krjk c<+ tkrk g½S] Hksn&Hkko vkSj xksiuh;rk dks ysdj ljdkjh uhfr;ksa ds ckjs esa lgh] mfpr vkSj laiw.kZ tkudkjh nh tk,A izf’k{k.k dh t+:jr vkSj miyC/krk fu;fer :Ik ls gksuh pkfg,A ukdks rFkk jkT;ksa esa LVsV ,M~l dUVªksy lkslk;Vh dks vk;ksftr fd, x, izf’k{k.kksa dh fo"k; lkexzh vkSj izHkko dk ewY;kadu djuk pkfg, ftlls izf’k{k.k dks vkSj csgrj cuk;k tk ldsA 

·       ;g ns[krs gq, fd ek/;fed Lrj ij cPps] fo’ks"kdj yM+fd;ka] de la[;k esa gksrs gSa] f’k{kk ea=ky; vkSj jkT; f’k{kk foHkkxksa }kjk tYn ls tYn] laHkkfor f’k{kk Lrj ij] vkSipkfjd rFkk vukSipkfjd f’k{kk esa HkrhZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mez ds vuqlkj ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l dh jksdFkke ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsuh pkfg,A ;g Qjojh 2003 esa gqbZ Ldwy ,M~l ,M~;wds’ku izksxzke dh jk"Vªh; dk;Z’kkyk rFkk 2002 esa gq, la;qDr jk"Vª vke lHkk ds cPpksa ij fo’ks"k l= ds vuq:i gksxkA ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr f’k{kk dks ;g izpkj djuk pkfg, fd laHkksx djrs le; vkSj yEcs vjls ds fj’rksa ds nkSjku lgh rjg vkSj fu;fer :i ls dkWUMkse dk bLrseky gh ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikjs"k.k dh jksdFkke dk lcls izHkkfor rjhd+k gSA lkFk gh ySafxd vlekurk]+ ftlds dkj.k efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa esa ,p-vkbZ-oh- ikjs"k.k dk [+krjk c<+ tkrk gS] ij Hkh tkudkjh nh tkuh pkfg,A

·       f’k{kk ea=ky;] lkekftd U;k; ,oa vf/kdkfjrk eaa=ky;] ukdks vkSj jkT; Lrj ij buds izfr:iksa dks Ldwyh O;oLFkk ls ckgj cPpksa rd ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr lgh] mfpr vkSj laiw.kZ tkudkjh igqapkus ds fy, feydj dke djuk pkfg,A fcuk foyac ds ljdkjh laLFkkvksa vkSj laLFkkuksa esa fu;af=r :Ik ls ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr f’k{kk iznku djuk bl fn’kk esa ,d igy gksxhA ;fn Lo;a lsoh laLFkk,a vkSj vU; laxBu tks cPpksa ds lkFk dke djrs gSa ,slk ugha dj jgs] rks mUgsa Hkh cPpksa dks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr f’k{kk iznku djuh pkfg,A

·       ljdkj dks ySafxd Hksn&Hkko izpfyr j[kus okys d+kuwu vkSj izFkkvksa dks lacksf/kr djuk pkfg,] tSls&jkst+xkj] rykd] fojklr vkSj lEifÙk d+kuwuksa esa ySafxd Hksn&Hkko rFkk lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh yM+fd;ksa ds izfr f’k{kk ,oa LokLF; esa Hksn&Hkko dh izFkk,]¡ ftuds dkj.k ,p-vkbZ-oh- ds lanHkZ esa Hkh mUgsa [k+rjk c<+ tkrk gS vkSj vius cPpksa dh ns[k&Hkky djus dh mudh ;ksX;rk ij Hkh izHkko iM+rk gSA ljdkj dks ykW deh’ku vkWQ bf.M;k ds ;kSu fgalk vkSj ;kSu ’kks"k.k d+kuwu esa la’kks/ku ykus ds lq>koksa dks ykxw djuk pkfg, rkfd oSokfgd cykRdkj lesr lHkh ;kSu fgalk ds ekeyksa esa eqd+n~ek tkjh gks ldsA 2002 esa izLrqr fd;k x;k ?kjsyw fgalk ls lqj{kk ij fo/ks;d laln }kjk ikfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

·       jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx vkSj jkT; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksxksa dks] ekeyksa ds ntZ gksus dh izrh{kk fd, fcuk] ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa ds izfr Ldwyksa esa] LokLF; lsok miyC/k djkus okyksa }kjk rFkk futh vkSj lkoZtfud laLFkkuksa esa Hksn&Hkko ds ekeyksa ij tkap iM+rky vkSj dkjZokbZ djuh pkfg,A

·       LokLF; dk;ZdrkZvksa ds fy, ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa ds izfr Hksn&Hkko dh jksdFkke rFkk ejht+ksa dh ,p-vkbZ-oh- fLFkfr dks xksiuh; j[kus ds egRo ij Hkkjrh; fpfdRlk la?k vkSj Hkkjrh; cky&fpfdRlk ’kkL= vdkneh }kjk funsZ’k izdkf’kr fd, tkus pkfg,A

·       Hkkjr esa la;qDr jk"Vª ny lesr f}Ik{kh; vkSj cgqi{kh; vuqnku nsus okyksa dks fuEufyf[kr d+ne mBkus pkfg,%

§         ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr yksxksa vkSj muds ifjokj ds izfr Hksn&Hkko dks jksdus vkSj xS+j d+kuwuh cukus ds fy, et+cwr d+kuwu ds rkRdkfyd fo/kk;u dks leFkZu nsuk pkfg,A

§         Hkkjr esa ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk ij mPp&Lrjh; f’k[kj okrkZ ;k ;kstuk xks"Vh ds vk;kstu ij fopkj djuk pkfg,A

§         muds }kjk LokLF; vkSj f’k{kk lacaf/kr dk;ZØeksa dks nh tk jgh lgk;rk ds varxZr ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa ds Hksn&Hkko dh jksdFkke ij Hkh ;ksxnku lqfuf’pr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

§         vkbZ- ,y- vks] TokbaV ;wukbZVsM us’kUl izksxzke vkWu ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ¼ ;w-,u-,M~l½] ;w-,u- MsosyIkesUV izksxzke ¼;w-,u-Mh-ih-½] ;w-,u- ikWI;wys’ku QUM ¼ ;w-,u-,Q-ih-,-½] ;w-,u- fpYMªUl QUM] ¼;wfulsQ½] ;w-,u- MsosyiesUV QUM QkWj owesu ¼;wfuQse½ vkSj vU; lHkh ;w- ,u- ,tfUl;ksa rFkk oYMZ gSYFk vkWxZukbZt+s’ku dks bl ckr dks ekU;rk nsuh pkfg, fd ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa dks foLr`r :i esa lacksf/kr djus dh t+:jr gSA vkil esa vkSj csgrj <ax ls leUo;u ds lkFk dke djus dh iz.kkyh LFkkfir djuh pkfg, vkSj ljdkj dks bl fjiksVZ ds fØ;kUo;u gsrq lgk;rk nsuh pkfg,A ;wfulsQ dks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor mu cPpksa ij [k+kl /;ku nsuk pkfg, tks cscl vkSj det+ksj gSa vkSj ftu rd lqfo/kk,¡ ugha igqap ikrha] tSls fd nfyr cPps] lM+d ds cPps bR;kfnA

LokLF; lacaf/kr vfrfjDr lq>ko      

·       LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky; dks cPpksa ds lanHkZ esa ,M~l rFkk ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa dh euksoSKkfud fpfdRlk vkSj ns[k&Hkky ij LokLF; fo’ks"kKksa ds fy, funsZ’k fodflr djus pkfg, vkSj mUgsa izf’k{k.k nsuk pkfg,A

·       LokLF; ea=ky; ds ifjokj dY;k.k foHkkx dks lHkh ifjokj fu;kstu rFkk iztuu LokLF; dk;ZØeksa esa ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr laiw.kZ tkudkjh fn;s tkus ds izko/kku dks lfEefyr djuk pkfg,A

·       futh LokLF; {ks= dh Hkwfedk dks igpkurs gq, LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky; dks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l lacaf/kr izf’k{k.k futh {ks= rd igqapkuk pkfg,] mlesa gks jgs Hksn&Hkko dh tk¡p&iM+rky djuh pkfg, vkSj vPNh izFkkvksa dks izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,A

·       LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky; dks ;kSu&’kks"k.k vkSj ;kSu fgalk ls ihfM+r cPpksa dss fy, lqfo/kkvksa esa lq/kkj ykuk pkfg,] ftles dk+uwuh] LokLF; ,oa fpfdRlk lacaf/kr] vkSj ijke’kZ lacaf/kr lqfo/kk,¡ rFkk iksLV ,Dikstj izkSfQySfDll Hkh ’kkfey gSA

·       vuqnku nsus okyksa dks Hkh efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dks O;kid vkSj foLr`r mipkj] fo’ks"kdj cykRdkj dh f’kdkj efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy, iksLV ,Dikstj izkSfQySfDll] miyC/k djkus ds fy, lgk;rk vkSj leFkZu nsuk pkfg,A

·       Hkkjr ljdkj dks 1960 ds f’k{kk esa Hksn&Hkko ds f[k+ykQ le>kSrs dh vfHkiqf"V djuh pkfg,A

f'k{kk lacaf/kr vfrfjDr lq>ko

·       f'k{kk ea=ky; vkSj jkT; f’k{kk foHkkxksa dks ,slh dk;Z;kstuk fodflr vkSj ykxw djuh pkfg, tks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor f’k{kk esa vkrh ck/kkvksa dks lacksf/kr djs tSls fd Ldwy dh Qhl vkSj vU; [k+pZA yM+fd;ksa dh f’k{kk esa bl rjg ds [k+pZ ds dkj.k ck/kkvksa ij fo’ks"k /;ku nsuk pkfg,A lkFk gh ;g lqfuf’pr djuk pkfg, fd ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor yM+fd;ksa ds fy, cuk, x, dk;ZØe mUgsa lekt esa vkSj dyafdr u gksus nsaA 

·       oYMZ cSd] Mh-,Q-vkbZ-Mh-] ;wjksfi;u dfe’ku vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj dks 2004 esa Lohd`fr izkIr 50 djksM vesfjdh MkWyj dh izkjafHkd f’k{kk ifj;kstuk dks ykxw djrs le; /;ku nsuk pkfg, fd bl ifj;kstuk ds izR;sd dk;ZØe ds varxZr ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa dks lekurk izkIr gksA

vukFk rFkk vU; vlqjf{kr cPpksa dh lqj{kk lacaf/kr vfrfjDr lq>ko

·       Hkkjr ljdkj] ;w-,u- ,tUlh;ksa vkSj vU; ’kks/k laLFkkuksa dks fu;fer :i ls ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls xzLr rFkk izHkkfor cPpksa ds ckjs esa vkadM+s vkSj tkudkjh ,df=r djuh pkfg, rkfd ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa ds fy, fo|eku ;k cukbZ tkus okyh uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa esa bl tkudkjh dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldsA blls iwoZ mUgsa cPpksa vkSj ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ij lHkh {ks=ksa ls miyC/k tkudkjh dk fo’ys"k.k djuk pkfg,] mnkgj.k ds fy,] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk LFkkfir cPpksa ds fy, VsyhQksu ykbZu] ;kfu pkbYM ykbu] dks laidZ djds miyC/k tkudkjh ysuk vkSj mls lfEefyr djukA cky&vf/kdkj lfefr ds lq>koksa ds vuq:i tgka rd laHko gks] miyC/k tkudkjh dks cPpksa dh mez] fyax] laosnu’khyrk rFkk vlqj{krk ds vuqlkj vyx&vyx djds ns[kuk pkfg,A

·       jk"Vªh; ,M~l jksdFkke rFkk fu;a=.k uhfr ds rhljs pj.k esa ukdks dks cPpksa dh ns[k&Hkky vkSj lqj{kk gsrq izko/kku lfEefyr djus pkfg,A

·       lkekftd U;k; ,oa vkf/kdfjrk ea=ky; rFkk jkT;ksa esa mlds izfr:i foHkkxksa dks cky&iks"k.k ¼QkSLVj ds;j½ vkSj lkekftd ns[k&js[k tSls laLFkkxr ns[k&js[k ds vU; fodYiksa dks ykxw djus ds fy, rqjar d+ne mBkus pkfg,A cPpksa dh laLFkkxr ns[k&js[k dks /khjs&/khjs lekIr djus ds fy, dk;Z;kstuk fodflr vkSj ykxw djuh pkfg,A ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k vkSj ns[k&js[k djus okys ifjokjksa dks lgk;rk iznku dh tkuh pkfg, vkSj iwjh dksf’k’k ds lkFk ,sls fjLrsnkjksa dks [kkstuk pkfg, tks mu cPpksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k vkSj ns[k&js[k djus ds fy, rS;kj vkSj ;ksX; gSa ftuds ekrk&firk ;g djus esa vleFkZ gSaA ftu cPpksa dks muds ifjokj ;k fjLrsnkjksa dh ns[k&js[k miyC/k ugha gS] muds fy, cky&iks"k.k ;kfu QkSLVj ds;j dh lqfo/kk miyC/k djkbZ tkuh pkfg, vkSj Ik;Zos{k.k djuk pkfg,A

·       ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; ds efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx dks vkbZ-lh-Mh-,l- ds LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k lacaf/kr dk;ZØeksa dks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPpksa rd bl rjg igqapkuk pkfg, ftlls lekt esa mUgsa dyafdr u gksuk iM+sA

·       ljdkj dks izLrkfor jk"Vª cky vk;ksx dk xBu djuk pkfg, vkSj bl vk;ksx dks izorZu izkf/kdkj rFkk Li"V vkSj ifjHkkf"kr vf/kns’k nsuk pkfg, ftlesa ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ls izHkkfor cPps Hkh ’kkfey gksaA vk;ksx dks ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l] cky&fookg vkSj cky&et+nwjh ds chp laca/k dk vUos"k.k djuk pkfg,A



[1] º;weu jkbV~l oWkp rFkk vuq ]mlds HkkbZ cgu] nknk nknh vkSj pkpk ds chp lkewfgd ppkZ] lkaxyh ] egkjk"Vª] uoacj 27] 2003A bl fjiksVZ es ,p- vkb- oh- @ ,M~l ls izHkkfor lHkh cPpksa vkSj yksxksa ds uke cny fn;s x;s gSaA tgka ,slk ugha gsS ogka mfpr ladsr fn;k x;k gS     

[2] º;weu jkbV~l oWkp rFkk ’kfeZyk] mldh nknh vkSj LFkkuh; Lo;a lsoh laLFkk ds lnL;ksa ds chp gqbzZ ckrphr] vfj;kykj ft+yk] rfeyukM~] uoacj 15 2003  

[3]º;weu jkbV~l oWkp rFkk dUukey ds chp gqbZ ckrphr] psUubZ] rfeyukM~ uoEcj 10] 2003

[4] ehuk{kh nRrk ?kks"k] vfrfjDr lfpo ,pa ifj;kstuk funs’kd] ukdks] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] uS’kuy ,M~l daVªksy izksxzke bzafM;k --, iSjkMkbu f’k¶V] ikWoj IokbZaV izLrqfr] uoacj 11 2003] LykbZM ’kh"kZd Þ¼ii½ fpYMªu fcyks 15 ;lZ] bUQsDVsM fon ,p- vkb- oh-ß] ¼dFku% anht+ fpYMªu Mw ukWV uhM fLVxek] gSfoax dkaVªSDVsM ,p- vkb- oh- Fkzw uks QkWYV vkWQ ns;lZ^ a½

[5] º;weu jkbV~l oWkp],fiMsfed vkWQ vC;wt+% iqfyl gSjLesUV vkWQ vkmVjhp odZlZ bu bf.M;k] [k.M 14 va’k- 5¼c½tqykbZ 2002

http://www.hrw.org/report/2002/india2/

[6] la;qDr jk"Vª cky&vf/kdkj le>kSrs ds vuqlkj Þbl le>kSrs ds m|s’; ds fy,] ,d cPps dk eryc 18 o"kZ ls de mez dk balku gS ;fn ml cPps ij ykxw d+kuwu ds rgr o;Ldrk blls igys u izkIr gksrh gksAß cky vf/kdkj lw>kSrk] Lohd`fr 20 uoEcj 1989] vke lHkk ladYi- 44@25] ;w-,u-Mkd~- A/REX/44@25 ¼ykxw gksus dh frfFk% 2 flrEcj 1990] Hkkjr }kjk lgefr feyus dh frfFk% 11 fnlEcj 1991½ vuqPNsn 1-