Incendiary weapons cause particularly cruel injuries to both civilians and combatants. They are also prone to being indiscriminate by starting fires and causing casualties over a large area without distinction. Incendiary weapons have been used at great human cost in conflicts from Africa to Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Human Rights Watch urges states parties to the Convention on Conventional Weapons to amend the 30-year-old provisions of Protocol III on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons. The protocol’s definition should be broadened to cover the most problematic modern incendiary munitions, such as white phosphorus. States should bolster the protocol’s restrictions by at least adopting measures to prohibit use of all incendiary weapons in civilian areas. A complete ban on the use of incendiary weapons would have the most humanitarian benefits and provide the strongest protection under international law.