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June 2002

Vol. 14, No. 5 (D)

ALBANIA

THE COST OF SPEECH:
Violations of Media Freedom in Albania
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RECOMMENDATIONS

INTIMIDATION AND VIOLENT ATTACKS ON JOURNALISTS

Summary of Findings

Cases of Intimidation and Violent Attacks

Attacks on Fatmir Terziu

The Attack on Artan Hoxha

The Attack and Detention of Flamur Hasbegu

The Detention of Kujtim Boriçi

Cases Related to the 2001 Elections

The Attack on the "Election Cameraman"

The Attack on the Election Commissioner

The Detention of Enis Fani

Denial of access to government institutions and information

Chilling Effects of Violence and Intimidation

DEFAMATION TRIALS

Summary of Findings

Overview of Legal Standards

Freedom of Expression in International Law and Practice

Freedom of Expression under the Albanian Constitution

Breaches in Law

Albanian Criminal Defamation Laws

Albanian Civil Defamation Laws

Breaches in Legal Practice

Case of Petro Koçi v. Astrit Patozi

Case of Ndre Legisi v. Artan Hoxha

Case of Monika Kryemadhi v. Astrit Patozi

Case of Monika Kryemadhi v. Redin Hafizi

Case of Monika Kryemadhi v. Shemsi Peposhi

Case of Skënder Gjinushi v. Pandi Gjata

Chilling Effects of Defamation Laws and Judicial Decisions

GOVERNMENT MISUSE OF STATE ADVERTISING

The Legal Framework-and Its Pitfalls

An Egregious Case Of Official Abuse-the National Privatization Agency

Discriminatory and Politically Motivated Allocation of State Advertising

State Advertising as Subsidies to the Media-and the Korrieri Affair

Effects of Abusive Allocation of State Advertising

APPENDIX A: CIRCULATION AND AFFILIATION OF NEWS DAILIES

APPENDIX B: LETTER TO ALBANIAN MINISTRY OF INTERIOR

APPENDIX C: LETTER TO NATIONAL PRIVATIZATION AGENCY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS